Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector1124410.17816/CP11244REVIEWОБЗОРReview ArticleCurrent status, challenges and future prospects in computational psychiatry: a narrative reviewСовременное положение, вызовы и перспективы развития вычислительной психиатрии: нарративный обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-20794549-1790VasilchenkoKirill F.ВасильченкоКирилл Федорович
Israel

Cand. Sci (Med.), The Human artificial control Keren (HacK) lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University

к.м.н., лаборатория вычислительной психиатрии, медицинский факультет Азриэли, Университет Бар-Илан

kirill.f.vasilchenko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-8460ChumakovEgor M.ЧумаковЕгор Максимович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint Petersburg State University

к.м.н., Доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета

e.chumakov@spbu.ruThe Human artificial control Keren (HacK) lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan UniversityУниверситет Бар-ИланSaint Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет25092023290920234333420806202312092023Copyright ©; 2023, Vasilchenko K.F., Chumakov E.M.Copyright ©; 2023, Васильченко К.Ф., Чумаков Е.М.2023Vasilchenko K.F., Chumakov E.M.Васильченко К.Ф., Чумаков Е.М.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/11244

BACKGROUND: Computational psychiatry is an area of scientific knowledge which lies at the intersection of neuroscience, psychiatry, and computer science. It employs mathematical models and computational simulations to shed light on the complexities inherent to mental disorders.

AIM: The aim of this narrative review is to offer insight into the current landscape of computational psychiatry, to discuss its significant challenges, as well as the potential opportunities for the field’s growth.

METHODS: The authors have carried out a narrative review of the scientific literature published on the topic of computational psychiatry. The literature search was performed in the PubMed, eLibrary, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the published information on the theoretical and practical aspects of computational psychiatry.

RESULTS: The article relates the development of the scientific approach in computational psychiatry since the mid-1980s. The data on the practical application of computational psychiatry in modeling psychiatric disorders and explaining the mechanisms of how psychopathological symptomatology develops (in schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders) are summarized. Challenges, limitations, and the prospects of computational psychiatry are discussed.

CONCLUSION: The capacity of current computational technologies in psychiatry has reached a stage where its integration into psychiatric practice is not just feasible but urgently needed. The hurdles that now need to be addressed are no longer rooted in technological advancement, but in ethics, education, and understanding.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Вычислительная психиатрия — это область научных знаний, которая находится на пересечении нейронауки, психиатрии и информатики, использующая математические модели и вычислительные симуляции для понимания имеющихся сложностей в моделировании психических расстройств.

ЦЕЛЬ: Цель данного нарративного обзора — дать представление о текущем положении дел в области вычислительной психиатрии, обсудить ее существенные вызовы, а также потенциальные возможности для развития этой области.

МЕТОДЫ: Авторы провели обзор научной литературы, опубликованной по теме вычислительной психиатрии. Поиск литературы проводился в базах данных PubMed и eLibrary. Для обобщения опубликованной информации о теоретических и практических аспектах вычислительной психиатрии был использован описательный анализ.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в статье описано развитие научного подхода в вычислительной психиатрии с середины 1980-х годов. Обобщены данные о практическом применении методов вычислительной психиатрии для моделирования психических расстройств и объяснения механизмов развития психопатологической симптоматики (при шизофрении, синдроме дефицита внимания/гиперактивности, расстройствах аутистического спектра, тревожных расстройствах, обсессивно-компульсивном расстройстве, расстройствах вследствие употребления психоактивных веществ). Обсуждаются проблемы, ограничения и будущие перспективы вычислительной психиатрии.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Возможности современных вычислительных технологий в психиатрии достигли той стадии, когда их интеграция в психиатрическую практику не только возможна, но и крайне необходима. Препятствия, которые сейчас необходимо преодолеть, связаны не с технологическим прогрессом, а с этикой, образованием и пониманием технологий.

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