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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">143</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Loneliness Among the Elderly: a Mini Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Одиночество человека в пожилом возрасте: краткий обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2714-2055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grover</surname><given-names>Sandeep</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гровер</surname><given-names>Сандип</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Department of Psychiatry</p></bio><email>drsandeepg2002@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт последипломного медицинского образования и научных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Grover S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Гровер С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grover S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гровер С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/143">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/143</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Loneliness is understood as a painful negative emotion. Since its introduction into the psychiatric literature in 1959, the understanding of loneliness has improved considerably, and is now understood to be a distinct entity to such issues as social isolation, solitude, and depression. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the general definition of loneliness. Similarly, different dimensions of loneliness have been described in the literature. It is understood in terms of either transient versus situational versus chronic loneliness; state versus trait loneliness; and the concept of unidimensional versus multidimensional loneliness. The reported prevalence of loneliness varies considerably in the literature, with evidence from metanalysis suggesting the prevalence of moderate loneliness that ranges from 31 to 100% with a mean of 61%, and that of severe loneliness ranging from 9 to 81%, with a mean prevalence of 35% among the elderly. Loneliness among the elderly is associated with significant adverse mental and physical health outcomes in the form of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, depression, anxiety, dementia, and even problematic internet use. Over the years, different instruments [University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Single-Item direct measure of loneliness] have been designed to assess loneliness among the elderly. Some of the interventions suggest that persons experiencing loneliness could benefit from improved social skills, enhanced social support, increased opportunities for social contact, and addressing maladaptive social cognition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одиночество — болезненное состояние, сопряженное с отрицательными эмоциями. С момента появления термина в психиатрической литературе в 1959 году понимание одиночества значительно улучшилось. На сегодняшний день его считают самостоятельной нозологической единицей и воспринимают отдельно от социальной изоляции, уединения и депрессии, однако согласованного определения одиночества до сих пор нет. В литературе описаны различные параметры одиночества: разделяют временное или ситуативное одиночество и одиночество хроническое; одиночество может расцениваться как самостоятельное состояние или как проявление другого состояния; также одиночество может восприниматься как концепция, характеризующаяся одним или множеством параметров. Распространенность одиночества, по данным литературы, существенно варьирует: результаты метаанализа свидетельствуют о том, что распространенность умеренно выраженного одиночества составляет от 31% до 100% (при среднем значении 61%), а распространенность тяжелого одиночества — от 9% до 81% (при среднем значении 35% среди пожилых людей). Одиночество у пожилых людей сопряжено со значительными неблагоприятными последствиями для психического и физического здоровья, которые выражаются в виде сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, инсульта, сахарного диабета, артрита, депрессии, тревоги, деменции и проблем с использованием интернета. За последние годы для оценки одиночества среди пожилых людей были разработаны различные инструменты [Шкала оценки одиночества Калифорнийского университета в Лос-Анджелесе (University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, UCLA-LS), Шкала оценки одиночества де Джонга Гервельда (De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale), однокомпонентный инструмент, направленный на непосредственную оценку одиночества]. Некоторые вмешательства, предлагаемые для коррекции состояния лиц, испытывающих одиночество, включают совершенствование социальных навыков, усиление социальной поддержки, расширение возможностей для социальных контактов и устранение дезадаптивного социального познания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>loneliness</kwd><kwd>consequences</kwd><kwd>assessment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>одиночество</kwd><kwd>последствия</kwd><kwd>оценка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alberti FB. One is the Loneliest Number: The History of a Western Problem [Internet] September 12, 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 10]. Available from: https:// aeon.co/ideas/one-is-the-loneliest-number-the-history-of-a-western-problem.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Fromm-Reichmann F. Loneliness. 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