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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15471</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Individual Burden of Illness Index in Bipolar Disorder Remission: A Cross-Sectional Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Индекс индивидуального бремени болезни при ремиссии биполярного аффективного расстройства: результаты кросс-секционного исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-8460</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2877-2154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumakov</surname><given-names>Egor</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумаков</surname><given-names>Егор Максимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p></bio><email>e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-1704</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1092-0688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashenbrenner</surname><given-names>Yulia</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашенбреннер</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, psychiatrist, Psychiatric</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>психиатр</p></bio><email>e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-1220</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4430-6841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdetskii</surname><given-names>Anton</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздецкий</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant, Psychiatry and Narcology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p></bio><email>e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-7536</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5228-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Limankin</surname><given-names>Oleg</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиманкин</surname><given-names>Олег Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Сhief physician; Professor; Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.; профессор; профессор</p></bio><email>e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3341-2372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Nataliia</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Наталия Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Psychiatry and Addiction</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии</p></bio><email>e.chumakov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Психиатрическая больница № 1 им. П.П. Кащенко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-образовательный центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации им. Г.А. Альбрехта» Минтруда России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-06-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru">5-84</issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-31"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Chumakov E., Ashenbrenner Y., Gvozdetskii A., Limankin O., Petrova N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Чумаков Е., Ашенбреннер Ю., Гвоздецкий А., Лиманкин О., Петрова Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chumakov E., Ashenbrenner Y., Gvozdetskii A., Limankin O., Petrova N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чумаков Е., Ашенбреннер Ю., Гвоздецкий А., Лиманкин О., Петрова Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15471">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15471</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> A population-based method for estimating disease burden is commonly used. Nevertheless, these measurements do not entirely capture the comprehensive burden of illness on an individual patient. To address the problem, the Individual Burden of Illness Index (IBI index) Index was created and validated, specifically for major depressive disorder. The IBI represents the overall influence of the condition, encompassing distress from symptom intensity, functional impairment, and the patient’s quality of life.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of the study was to approve and validate the IBI index for the integral assessment of disease burden in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient psychiatric services in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from April through October 2020. Eighty-five patients aged 18 to 45 (mean age 36.6±5.7 years) with BD (type I — 75%, <italic>n</italic>=64; type II — 25%, <italic>n</italic>=21) in remission were examined. The study procedure included a structured clinical interview and the use of clinical scales: the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Personal and the Social Performance Scale.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The principal component analysis in accordance with the adjusted one showed that the burden of illness in patients with BD in remission is directly related to the severity of residual depressive symptoms, reflected in the HDRS score: as the HDRS score increases (0.27, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), residual mania (-0.14, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), social functioning (-0.06, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), and quality of life (-0.04, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001) decrease. In contrast, when there are remaining residual mania symptoms, as indicated by the YMRS score, the result tends to be a lower burden, better social functioning, and enhanced quality of life.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The study has demonstrated through statistical means a successful adaptation and validation of the previously calculated IBI index for patients with BD in remission. Residual affective symptoms were shown to have different impacts on the social functioning of patients with BD in remission, indicating the need for a timely assessment and targeted therapy of these symptoms in such patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> С целью оценки бремени болезни обычно используют популяционный метод, однако такой подход не может в полной мере отразить индивидуальное бремя болезни (ИББ) для конкретного пациента. Для решения этой проблемы у пациентов с большим депрессивным расстройством был создан и валидирован индекс ИББ. Индекс ИББ отражает общее влияние заболевания, охватывая дистресс от интенсивности симптомов, функциональные нарушения и качество жизни пациента.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Целью исследования было апробировать и валидировать индекс ИББ для интегральной оценки бремени болезни у пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством (БАР) в ремиссии.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ:</bold> Одномоментное исследование проводили на базе амбулаторной психиатрической службы г. Санкт-Петербурга в период с апреля по октябрь 2020 года. Обследовано 85 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 45 лет (средний возраст 36,6±5,7 года) с БАР (I тип — 75%, <italic>n</italic>=64; II тип — 25%, <italic>n</italic>=21) в ремиссии. Процедура исследования включала структурированное клиническое интервью и использование таких клинических шкал, как Опросник качества жизни Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Шкала Гамильтона для оценки депрессии (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS), Шкала мании Янга (Young Mania Rating Scale, YMRS), Шкала личностного и социального функционирования.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> Анализ главных компонент в соответствии с корректировкой показал, что бремя болезни у пациентов с БАР в ремиссии напрямую связано с выраженностью резидуальных депрессивных симптомов, отражённых в баллах HDRS: при увеличении балла HDRS (0,27,<italic> p</italic> &lt;0,001) снижаются остаточные проявления мании (-0,14, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001), снижаются показатели социального функционирования (-0,06, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001) и качества жизни (-0,04, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001). Напротив, при наличии резидуальных симптомов мании по шкале YMRS, как правило, снижается индивидуальное бремя болезни, улучшается социальное функционирование и повышается качество жизни.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>В ходе исследования при помощи статистических методов была продемонстрирована успешная адаптация и валидация ранее рассчитанного индекса ИББ для пациентов с БАР в ремиссии. Резидуальные аффективные симптомы оказывают различное влияние на функционирование пациентов с БАР в ремиссии, что свидетельствует о необходимости своевременной оценки и целенаправленной терапии этих симптомов у таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>residual symptoms</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>burden of disease</kwd><kwd>bipolar disorder</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>резидуальные симптомы</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>бремя болезни</kwd><kwd>биполярное аффективное расстройство</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miller S, Dell’Osso B, Ketter TA. The prevalence and burden of bipolar depression. J Affect Disord. 2014;169 Suppl 1:S3–11. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(14)70003-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. 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