<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15485</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15485</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Self-Stigma in Patients with Endogenous Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самостигматизации у пациентов с эндогенными психическими расстройствами: кроссекционное сравнительное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-2476</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602118347</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">F-9923-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7292-6023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solokhina</surname><given-names>Tatiana</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солохина</surname><given-names>Татьяна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Head of the Organisation of psychiatric services department, chief researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая отделом организации психиатрических служб </p></bio><email>tsolokhina@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-6302</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35773701100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">rid67377</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6432-9814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oshevsky</surname><given-names>Dmitry</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ошевский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Chief Researcher, Organisation of mental health services department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела организации психиатрических служб </p></bio><email>dso@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-332X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">23491525300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-3636-2016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатова</surname><given-names>Александра</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Head of the Endogenous mental disorders and affective states research unit</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель отдела по изучению эндогенных психических расстройств и аффективных состояний </p></bio><email>abarkhatova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-5877</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">567871</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6446-5426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzminova</surname><given-names>Marianna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминова</surname><given-names>Марианна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Chief Researcher, Organisation of mental health services department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела организации психиатрических служб </p></bio><email>kuzminova-m-v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1567-2814</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6504538761</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">567878</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1672-1211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tiumenkova</surname><given-names>Galina</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюменкова</surname><given-names>Галина</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Chief Researcher, Organisation of mental health services department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н старший научный сотрудник отдела организации психиатрических служб</p></bio><email>tiumenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-6065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>Leila</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>Лейла</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Endogenous mental disorders and affective states research unit</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела организации психиатрических служб</p></bio><email>leyla_a17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7273-3046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shteinberg</surname><given-names>Alisa</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штейнберг</surname><given-names>Алиса</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Endogenous mental disorders and affective states research unit</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела по изучению эндогенных психических расстройств и аффективных состояний </p></bio><email>guryanalisa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-3155</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8021-1574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churkina</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуркина</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Researcher, Endogenous mental disorders and affective states research unit</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., научный сотрудник отдела по изучению эндогенных психических расстройств и аффективных состояний </p></bio><email>anna_churkina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental Health Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Solokhina T.A., Oshevsky D.S., Barkhatova A.N., Kuzminova M.V., Tyumenkova G.V., Alieva L.M., Shteinberg A.S., Churkina A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Солохина Т.А., Ошевский Д.С., Бархатова А.Н., Кузьминова М.В., Тюменкова Г.В., Алиева Л.М., Штейнберг А.С., Чуркина А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solokhina T.A., Oshevsky D.S., Barkhatova A.N., Kuzminova M.V., Tyumenkova G.V., Alieva L.M., Shteinberg A.S., Churkina A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солохина Т.А., Ошевский Д.С., Бархатова А.Н., Кузьминова М.В., Тюменкова Г.В., Алиева Л.М., Штейнберг А.С., Чуркина А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15485">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15485</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Self-stigma remains one of the most vexing issues in psychiatry. It complicates the treatment and social functioning of patients with endogenous psychiatric disorders. Identifying the specific features of self-stigma depending on the type and duration of the endogenous mental illness can help solve this problem.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of this study was to establish the level and specific features of self-stigma in patients with various types of chronic endogenous psychiatric disorders at different disease stages and to establish the correlation between the level of self-stigma and the attitude of the patient to his/her disease and treatment.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Clinical psychopathology assessment, psychometric scales and questionnaires: “Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale” (PANSS), “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients”, and Russian versions of the “Insight Scale for Psychosis” (ISP), and “Drug Attitude Inventory” (DAI-10). The cross-sectional study included 86 patients with endogenous mental illnesses (bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The analysis of the results of the “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients” showed that at the initial disease stages the highest level of self-stigma is observed in patients with bipolar affective disorder (M±σ=1.22±0.73; Me [Q1; Q3]=1.10 [0.83; 1.60]), while the lowest level was observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (M±σ=0.86±0.53; Me [Q1; Q3]=0.77 [0.31; 1.25]). Patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and a disease duration more than five years participating in a long-term comprehensive psychosocial rehabilitation program also demonstrated high rates of self-stigma (M±σ=1.20±0.57, Me [Q1; Q3]=1.26 [0.89; 1.47]). The study groups showed differences in terms of the structure of components of self-stigma and their severity; significant correlations were uncovered between the self-stigma parameters and the attitude of patients to their disease and therapy.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the specific features of self-stigma in patients with various endogenous disorders at different stages of the disease. These data can be used as part of a comprehensive psychosocial treatment program for this patient cohort, as well as for future research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: </bold>Самостигматизация остается одной из актуальных проблем современной психиатрии, которая затрудняет лечение и социальное функционирование пациентов с эндогенными психическими расстройствами. Решению этой проблемы может способствовать определение особенностей и специфики самостигматизации в зависимости от формы и длительности эндогенного психического расстройства.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ: </bold>Установить уровень и особенности самостигматизации у пациентов с различными формами эндогенных хронических психических расстройств на разных этапах болезни и выявить связь выраженности самостигматизации с отношением к своему заболеванию и лечению.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ: </bold>Клинико-психопатологический, психометрические шкалы и опросники («Опросник для оценки феномена самостигматизации психически больных», «Шкала позитивных и негативных симптомов — «Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale» (PANSS), русскоязычные версии опросников «Осознание болезни» — «Insight Scale for Psychosis» (ISP), «Отношение к лекарственным препаратам» — «Drug attitude inventory» (DAI-10). Проведено кроссекционное исследование 86 пациентов с эндогенными психическими заболеваниями (биполярное аффективное расстройство и расстройства шизофренического спектра).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: </bold>С помощью «Опросника для оценки феномена самостигматизации психически больных» установлено, что на начальном этапе заболевания наибольший уровень самостигматизации характерен для пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством (M±σ=1,22±0,73; Me [Q1; Q3]=1,10 [0,83; 1,60]), наиболее низкий выявлен у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра (M±σ=0,86±0,53; Me [Q1; Q3]= 0,77 [0,31; 1,25]). Пациенты с шизофренией и шизоаффективным расстройством и длительностью заболевания более 5 лет, участвующие в долгосрочной комплексной программе психосоциальной реабилитации, также продемонстрировали высокие показатели самостигматизации (M±σ=1,20±0,57, Me [Q1; Q3]= 1,26 [0,89; 1,47]). В изученных группах обнаружены различия в структуре компонентов самостигматизации пациентов и их выраженности и получены достоверные корреляционные связи между показателями самостигматизации, отношением пациентов к имеющемуся психическому расстройству и получаемому лечению.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Результаты проведенного исследования уточняют и расширяют имеющиеся знания об особенностях самостигматизации у пациентов с различными эндогенными расстройствами на разных этапах заболевания. Полученные данные могут послужить основой для дальнейших исследований, а также для использования в комплексном психосоциальном лечении таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>self-stigma</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>schizoaffective disorder</kwd><kwd>bipolar affective disorder</kwd><kwd>first episode psychosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самостигматизация</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>шизоаффективное расстройство</kwd><kwd>биполярное аффективное расстройство</kwd><kwd>первый психотический эпизод</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Goffman E. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall; 1963. 147 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Yastrebov VS, Solokhina TA. [Stigmatization in psychiatry]. Mental health: social, clinical, organizational and scientific aspects. Proceedings of scientific and practical conference; October 31, 2016, Moscow. G.P. Kostyuk, editor. Moscow: KDU publisher; 2017. 524–531 p. Russian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Yu B, Chio F, Mak W, et al. Internalization process of stigma of people with mental illness across cultures: a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Clinical Psychology Review. 2021;87:102029. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Thornicroft G, Sunkel C, Aliev AA, et al. The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health. Lancet. 2022;400(10361):1438–1480. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01470-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Prasko J. Perspectives on perceived stigma and self-stigma in adult male patients with depression. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2014;10:1399–1405. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S54081</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rayan A, Aldaieflih M. Public stigma toward mental illness and its correlates among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Contemp Nurse. 2019;55(6):522–532. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2019.1670706</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Solokhina TA, Oshevsky DS, Barkhatova AN, et al. Self-stigmatization and targets of psychosocial intervention in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Mental Health. 2023;18(8):86–90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Neznanov NG, Shmukler AB, Kostyuk GP, Sofronov AG, et al. The first psychotic episode: Epidemiological aspects of care provision. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2019;28(3):5–11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Murru A, Carpiniello B. Duration of untreated illness as a key to early intervention in schizophrenia: A review. Neuroscience Letters. 2018;669:59–67. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Schizophrenia: Current science and clinical. 1st ed. Gaebel W, editor. Publishing house: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2011. 272 p. doi: 10.1002/9780470978672</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ratheesh A, Cotton SM, Davey CG, et al. Ethical considerations in preventive interventions for bipolar disorder. Early Intervention Psychiatry. 2017;11(2):104–112. doi: 10.1111/eip.12340</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Corrigan PW, Rao D. On the self-stigma of mental illness: Stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;57(8):464–469. doi: 10.1177/070674371205700804</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Sorokin MY, Lutova NB, Bocharova MO, et al. Computational psychiatry approach to stigma subtyping in patients with mental disorders: Explicit and implicit internalized stigma. Consortium Psychiatricum. 2023;4(3):13–21. doi: 10.17816/CP6556</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Babin SM, Shlafer AM, Sergeeva NA. Compliance therapy for patients with schizophrenia. Medicinskaâ psihologiâ v Rossii. 2011;2. Available from: http://mprj.ru/archiv_global/2011_2_7/nomer/nomer11.php. Russian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Yastrebov VS, Trushchelev SA. Social images of psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2009;6(109):65–68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Yanos PT, Lysaker PH, Silverstein SM, et al. A randomized controlled-trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2019;54(11):1363–1378. doi: 10.1007/s00127-019-01702-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1987;13(2):261–276. doi: 10.1093/schbul/13.2.261</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Mikhailova II. Self-stigmatization of mentally ill patients: description and typology. Psychiatry. 2004;2(8):23–30. Russian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Yastrebov VS, Enikolopov SN, Mikhailova II. Self-stigmatization of patients with major mental illnesses. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2005;105(11):50–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Birchwood M, Smith J, Drury V, et al. A self report Insight Scale for psychosis: Reliability, validity and sensitivity to change. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1994;89(1):62–67. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01487.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Hogan TP, Awad AG, Eastwood RA. Self-report scale predictive of drug compliance in schizophrenics: Reliability and discriminative validity. Psychological Medicine. 1983;13(1):177–183. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700050182</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Otdel’nova KA. Determination of the required number of observations in social and hygienic studies. Sb. trudov 2-go MMI. 1980;150(6):18–22. Russian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Favre S, Richard-Lepouriel H. Self-stigma and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and best-evidence synthesis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;335(15):273–288. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Perich T, Mitchell PB, Vilus B. Stigma in bipolar disorder: a current review of the literature. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2022;56(9):1060–1064. doi: 10.1177/00048674221080708</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Gerlinger G, Hauser M, De Hert M, et al. Personal stigma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review of prevalence rates, correlates, impact and interventions. World Psychiatry. 2013;12(2):155–164. doi: 10.1002/wps.20040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Karidi MV, Vassilopoulou D, Savvidou E, et al. Bipolar disorder and self-stigma: a comparison with schizophrenia. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;184:209–215. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Vasilchenko KF, Drozdovskii YuV. Internalized stigma and social adaptation levels among patients with first episode schizophrenia. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2018;1(98):30–35. doi: 10.26617/1810-3111-2018-1(98)-30-35</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Feldhaus T, Falke S, von Gruchalla L, et al. The impact of self-stigmatization on medication attitude in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Research. 2018;261(3):391–399. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Novick D, Montgomery W, Treuer T, et al. PMH10 — Relationship of insight with medication adherence and the impact on outcomes in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: results from a 1-year European outpatient observational study. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:189. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0560-4</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
