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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15487</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in a Sample of Moscow Residents: Comparison of the GAD-7 and HADS Results with a Clinical Assessment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка распространенности тревожно-депрессивных расстройств на выборке жителей Москвы: сравнение данных самоопросников GAD-7 и HADS с клинической оценкой врача-психиатра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-5445</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57224724283</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3172-2782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenkova</surname><given-names>Valeriya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенкова</surname><given-names>Валерия Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center for Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-2717</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57211512308</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-2424-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3017-3328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorkina</surname><given-names>Yana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоркина</surname><given-names>Яна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Senior researcher</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-5503</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3120-8975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochneva</surname><given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очнева</surname><given-names>Александра Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry; Junior Researcher</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2715-1523</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7430-0893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeltzer</surname><given-names>Angelina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зельцер</surname><given-names>Ангелина Ильнична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3756-5619</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7000-7963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabinina</surname><given-names>Darya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябинина</surname><given-names>Дарья Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center for Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0598-2564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsurina</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цурина</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry; student</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4024-5184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubeva</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубева</surname><given-names>Елизавета Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory researcher, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry; student</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194511103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Project Manager</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">54408175400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6827-4693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Deputy Director; Head of the Gene Immuno-oncotherapy Group; Head of the Gene Oncotherapy Sector</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200081884</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAA-1682-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3424-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>George P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>Георгий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-5299</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55648593900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">T-1361-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3233-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Senior researcher; Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology</p></bio><email>i@savva9806.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow center for healthcare innovations</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kurchatov Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-27"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Savenkova V.I., Zorkina Y.A., Ochneva A.G., Zeltzer A.I., Ryabinina D.A., Tsurina A.M., Golubeva E.A., Goncharova A.S., Alekseenko I.V., Kostyuk G.P., Morozova A.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Савенкова В.И., Зоркина Я.А., Очнева А.Г., Зельцер А.И., Рябинина Д.А., Цурина А.М., Голубева Е.А., Гончарова А.С., Алексеенко И.В., Костюк Г.П., Морозова А.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savenkova V.I., Zorkina Y.A., Ochneva A.G., Zeltzer A.I., Ryabinina D.A., Tsurina A.M., Golubeva E.A., Goncharova A.S., Alekseenko I.V., Kostyuk G.P., Morozova A.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савенкова В.И., Зоркина Я.А., Очнева А.Г., Зельцер А.И., Рябинина Д.А., Цурина А.М., Голубева Е.А., Гончарова А.С., Алексеенко И.В., Костюк Г.П., Морозова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15487">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15487</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental disorders. Detecting a disorder at an early stage can prevent the development of severe disorders and preserve the patient’s functioning ability. Simple and reliable screening tools based on self-completion of questionnaires can be used for this purpose. However, it is not always the case that the scores of the self-questionnaire align with those of the clinician.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To estimate the prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders using the GAD-7 and HADS self-report questionnaires compared to psychiatrist assessment.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included individuals aged 18 to 65 years, living in Moscow, Russia, without psychiatric disorders, who participated in an online study using the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS-A and HADS-D) and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale). Anxiety disorder was diagnosed when the total score was ≥10 on the GAD-7 and/or ≥10 on the HADS-A scale, and depression was defined when the total score was ≥9 on the HADS-D scale. Then, 82 randomly selected participants attended an anonymous consultation with a psychiatrist.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The study included 1,097 individuals (72% female), median age 29 (23; 37) years. As a result of testing, anxiety disorder was found in 168 (15%); depressive disorder — in 152 (14%) respondents. At medical verification, anxiety was diagnosed in 18 (22%); depression — in 19 (23%) people. The sensitivity of the HADS-D subscale for physician-diagnosed cases of depression was 61%, and specificity was 73%. The sensitivity of the HADS-A and GTR-7 subscale in identifying cases of anxiety disorder was 58%, specificity 59%. Sixteen percent were first diagnosed with a personality disorder or schizotypal disorder.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The level of anxiety and depression in our sample of the population of Moscow, Russia, was higher than the global level. Self-assessment based on the questionnaire seems to not fully reflect the real state of a patient, as evidenced by the differences with the psychiatrist’s assessment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Тревожные и депрессивные расстройства — наиболее распространенные психиатрические заболевания. Выявление патологии на ранней стадии может предотвратить развитие серьезных нарушений и сохранить работоспособность пациента. В этом могут помочь простые и надежные скрининговые инструменты, основанные на самостоятельном заполнении опросников. Однако не всегда оценки самоопросника совпадают с клинической оценкой специалиста.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ: </bold>Оценить распространенность тревожно-депрессивных расстройств с помощью госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) и самоопросника генерализованного тревожного расстройства (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7) и сравнить результат с клиническим заключением психиатра.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ: </bold>В исследование включили лиц без психических расстройств от 18 до 65 лет, проживавших в г. Москве, которые приняли участие в онлайн-опросе с применением шкал HADS (HADS-A и HADS-D) и GAD-7. Тревожное расстройство определяли при суммарной оценке ≥10 баллов по GAD-7 и/или ≥10 баллов по шкале HADS-A, депрессию — при ≥9 баллов по шкале HADS-D. Затем 82 случайно отобранных участника прошли анонимную консультацию психиатра.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: </bold>В исследование включили 1097 человек (72% женщины), средний возраст 29 (23; 37) лет. В результате тестирования тревожное расстройство обнаружено у 168 (15%), депрессивное расстройство — у 152 (14%) опрошенных. По результатам врачебной диагностики тревога диагностирована у 18 (22%), депрессия — у 19 (23%) человек. Чувствительность подшкалы HADS-D в отношении случаев депрессии, диагностированных врачами, составила 61%, специфичность — 73%. Чувствительность подшкалы HADS-А и GAD-7 при выявлении случаев тревожного расстройства составила 58%, специфичность 59%. У 16% впервые диагностировали расстройства личности или шизотипическое расстройство.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Уровень тревоги и депрессии в данной выборке из популяции г. Москва оказался повышен. Самооценка по опроснику не в полной мере отражает реальное состояние человека, о чем свидетельствуют несоответствия с оценкой психиатра.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>urban population</kwd><kwd>GAD-7</kwd><kwd>HADS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>городская популяция</kwd><kwd>GAD-7</kwd><kwd>HADS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Javaid SF, Hashim IJ, Hashim MJ, et al. 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