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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mass spectrometry imaging of two neocortical areas reveals the histological selectivity of schizophrenia-associated lipid alterations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение метода масс-спектрометрической визуализации двух областей неокортекса для выявления гистологической селективности липидных изменений, характерных при шизофрении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-9544</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57505703600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">HOH-3453-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5813-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osetrova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осетрова</surname><given-names>Мария Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer researcher</p></bio><email>maria.osetrova.sk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4532-0721</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57209106743</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1800-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavolskova</surname><given-names>Marina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завольскова</surname><given-names>Марина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><email>marina-zav@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9268-3352</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">20734870400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2062-8545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazin</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазин</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GB">United Kingdom</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Senior bioinformatician, Wellcome Sanger Institute</p></bio><email>pavel.mazin@sanger.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-9773</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56462907300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">U-1735-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3859-4534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stekolschikova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стекольщикова</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Chem.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email>e.stekolschikova@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-4884</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55579659300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>Gleb N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>Глеб Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Phys. and Math.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email>G.Vladimirov@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-3203</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">15836570500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3427-8085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Scientist</p></bio><email>O.Efimova@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-5299</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55648593900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">T-1361-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Anna Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email>hakurate77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-2717</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">54584719100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-2424-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3017-3328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorkina</surname><given-names>Yana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоркина</surname><given-names>Яна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email>zorkina.ya@serbsky.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-5391</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602608643</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAQ-6260-2020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreyuk</surname><given-names>Denis S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреюк</surname><given-names>Денис Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.)</p></bio><email>denis.s.andreyuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200081884</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAA-1682-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3424-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyuk</surname><given-names>George P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>Георгий Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>editor@consortium-psy.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-2068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55394217800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4984-1007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Evgeniy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Евгений  Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Professor, Head of the Mass Spectrometry Laboratory</p></bio><email>E.Nikolaev@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-0054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602559039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitovich</surname><given-names>Philipp E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайтович</surname><given-names>Филипп Ефимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Biolog.), Professor</p></bio><email>p.khaitovich@skoltech.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр нейробиологии и нейрореабилитации имени Владимира Зельмана, АНОО ВО «Сколковский институт науки и технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Wellcome Sanger Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Сенгера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-27"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Osetrova M.S., Zavolskova M.D., Mazin P.V., Stekolschikova E.A., Vladimirov G.N., Efimova O.I., Morozova A.Y., Zorkina Y.A., Andreyuk D.S., Kostyuk G.P., Nikolaev E.N., Khaitovich P.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Осетрова М.С., Завольскова М.Д., Мазин П.В., Стекольщикова Е.А., Владимиров Г.Н., Ефимова .И., Морозова А.Ю., Зоркина Я.А., Андреюк Д.С., Костюк Г.П., Николаев Е.Н., Хайтович Ф.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osetrova M.S., Zavolskova M.D., Mazin P.V., Stekolschikova E.A., Vladimirov G.N., Efimova O.I., Morozova A.Y., Zorkina Y.A., Andreyuk D.S., Kostyuk G.P., Nikolaev E.N., Khaitovich P.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осетрова М.С., Завольскова М.Д., Мазин П.В., Стекольщикова Е.А., Владимиров Г.Н., Ефимова .И., Морозова А.Ю., Зоркина Я.А., Андреюк Д.С., Костюк Г.П., Николаев Е.Н., Хайтович Ф.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15488">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15488</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder known to affect brain structure and functionality. Structural changes in the brain at the level of gross anatomical structures have been fairly well studied, while microstructural changes, especially those associated with changes in the molecular composition of the brain, are still being investigated. Of special interest are lipids and metabolites, for which some previous studies have shown association with schizophrenia.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To utilize a spatially resolved analysis of the brain lipidome composition to investigate the degree and nature of schizophrenia-associated lipidome alterations in the gray and white matter structures of two neocortical regions — the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9, BA9) and the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22, posterior part, BA22p), as well compare the distribution of the changes between the two regions and tissue types.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> We employed Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging (MALDI-MSI), supplemented by a statistical analysis, to examine the lipid composition of brain sections. A total of 24 neocortical sections from schizophrenia patients (<italic>n=</italic>2) and a healthy control group (<italic>n=</italic>2), representing the two aforementioned neocortical areas, were studied, yielding data for 131 lipid compounds measured across more than a million MALDI-MSI pixels.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Our findings revealed an uneven distribution of schizophrenia-related lipid alterations across the two neocortical regions. The BA22p showed double the differences in its subcortical white matter structures compared to BA9, while less bias was detected in the gray matter layers. While the schizophrenia-associated lipid differences generally showed good agreement between brain regions at the lipid class level for both gray and white matter, there were consistently more discrepancies for white matter structures.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Our study found a consistent yet differential association of schizophrenia with the brain lipidome composition of distinct neocortical areas, particularly subcortical white matter. These findings highlight the need for broader brain coverage in future schizophrenia research and underscore the potential of spatially resolved molecular analysis methods in identifying structure-specific effects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Шизофрения — это психическое расстройство, известное своим влиянием на структуру и функциональность мозга. Хотя изменения в архитектуре мозга на уровне крупных анатомических структур были исследованы достаточно подробно, микроструктурные изменения, особенно связанные с молекулярным составом мозга, остаются предметом интенсивного изучения. В последние годы особое внимание уделяется липидам и метаболитам, поскольку ряд предыдущих работ выявил их возможную связь с шизофренией. Понимание этих молекулярных изменений может помочь в раскрытии механизмов, лежащих в основе этого расстройства, и в разработке новых подходов к его диагностике и лечению.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ: </bold>Исследовать степень и характер ассоциированных с шизофренией различий в пространственном распределении липидов в сером и белом веществе двух областей неокортекса — в дорсолатеральной префронтальной коре (область Бродмана 9, BA9) и задней части верхней височной извилины (область Бродмана 22, задняя часть, BA22p), а также сравнить распределение различий между двумя областями и типами тканей.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ:</bold> Проведена визуализация при помощи метода масс-спектрометрии с применением матрично-активированной лазерной десорбции/ионизации (MALDI-MSI). Всего было исследовано 24 среза, полученных от больных шизофренией (<italic>n=</italic>2) и от здорового контроля (<italic>n=</italic>2), представляющих две вышеупомянутых области неокортекса, что позволило проанализировать данные по 131 липидному соединению, измеренному по более чем миллиону пикселей MALDI-MSI.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> Обнаружено неоднородное распределение разницы в уровне липидов, связанных с шизофренией, в двух исследованных областях неокортекса. Белое вещество из BA22p показало больше различий по сравнению с белым веществом из BA9, в то время как в сером веществе дисбаланс количества различий менее выражен. Хотя изменения липидов, связанные с шизофренией, в целом, хорошо согласуются между областями мозга на уровне классов липидов как для серого, так и для белого вещества, было обнаружено значительно больше расхождений для структур белого вещества.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Исследование выявило согласованную, но дифференцированную связь между шизофренией и составом липидома мозга в различных областях неокортекса, особенно в подкорковом белом веществе. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность учета специфики мозговых структур в будущих исследованиях шизофрении и демонстрируют перспективность методов молекулярного анализа с пространственным разрешением для выявления структурно-ориентированных изменений, связанных с этим расстройством.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>lipidomics</kwd><kwd>mass-spectrometry</kwd><kwd>MALDI-MSI</kwd><kwd>neocortex</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>липидом</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>MALDI-MSI</kwd><kwd>неокортекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-15-00474</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RFBR</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-34-90146</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sontheimer H. 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