Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector1552510.17816/CP15525REVIEWОБЗОРReview ArticleBiological methods for diagnosing depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a narrative reviewБиологические методы диагностики депрессивных симптомов при шизофрении: нарративный обзор литературыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-44548284-8451SultanovaRenata I.СултановаРената Ильдаровна
Russian Federation

MD, psychiatrist

renatasu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-141X3828-4634GashkarimovVadim R.ГашкаримовВадим Р.
Christmas Island

MD, psychiatrist

renatasu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-86569983-8464EfremovIlya S.ЕфремовИлья Сергеевич
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy, Bashkir State Medical University; Junior Researcher, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology

renatasu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-44853740-7843AsadullinAzat R.АсадуллинАзат Р.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy Bashkir State Medical University; Director, Center for Molecular Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology; Leading Researcher, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology;Professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky

renatasu@mail.ruLLC Chayka Moscow CityООО «Чайка Москва-Сити»Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, UfaРеспубликанская клиническая психиатрическая больница, УфаV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. БехтереваBashkir State Medical UniversityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетSaratov State Medical University named after V.I. RazumovskyСаратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. РазумовскогоUfa University of Science and TechnologyУфимский университет науки и технологий04102024081020245331412603202422092024Copyright ©; 2024, Sultanova R.I., Gashkarimov V.R., Efremov I.S., Asadullin A.R.Copyright ©; 2024, Султанова Р.И., Гашкаримов В.Р., Ефремов И.С., Асадуллин А.Р.2024Sultanova R.I., Gashkarimov V.R., Efremov I.S., Asadullin A.R.Султанова Р.И., Гашкаримов В.Р., Ефремов И.С., Асадуллин А.Р.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15525

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia lead to more frequent exacerbations of the underlying disease, worsen the prognosis, and increase the risk of suicide. Clinical practitioners continue to face challenges in diagnosing this disorder.

AIM: This study aims to analyze published material on biological markers of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS: The search of literature was conducted using the following electronic search engines (the total number of relevant papers found is also specified): ACCESSSS (n=150), Cochrane Library (n=48), PubMed (n=623), eLIBRARY (n=216), and Google Scholar (n=367). The final discussion included 67 papers consistent with the study aim and were published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023.

RESULTS: Based on the available scaterred data, it appears that plasma biomarkers (e.g. C-reactive protein, metabolic parameters, hormones, enzymes, neurotrophic factors) are limited in specificity when it comes to diagnosing depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Our analysis of the neuroimaging findings showed that depressive manifestations are associated with a decrease in the volume of the gray matter in the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes (particularly in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas) and in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex (including the medial right superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and superior and middle frontal gyri). It has been suggested that the SIRT1, OXT, CDKAL1, and APOE genes are involved in the development of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

CONCLUSION: Understanding and identifying depressive symptoms in schizophrenia will improve the quality of care for patients with this disorder.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Депрессивная симптоматика при шизофрении приводит к более частым обострениям основного заболевания, ухудшению прогноза и повышению риска суицида. Перед клиницистами до сих пор стоит вопрос, связанный с трудностями диагностики этого расстройства.

ЦЕЛЬ: Произвести обзор литературы, направленный на поиск информации о биомаркерах депрессивных проявлений при шизофрении.

МЕТОДЫ: Поиск данных литературы осуществляли с применением следующих электронных сервисов для поиска публикаций (также указано общее число источников, обнаруженных по искомой теме): ACCESSSS (n=150), Cochrane Library (n=48), PubMed (n=623), eLIBRARY (n=216), Google Scholar (n=367). В итоговое обсуждение было включено 67 публикаций, соответствующих цели работы и опубликованных не ранее 01.01.2018 и не позднее 31.12.2023.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: При суммировании разрозненных данных предположено, что плазменные показатели (концентрация С-реактивного белка, метаболические, гормональные, ферментативные показатели, значения нейротрофических факторов) слабоспецифичны для диагностики депрессивных симптомов при шизофрении. С помощью методов нейровизуализации установлено, что уменьшение объема серого вещества в теменной, лобной и височной доле (особенно в зонах Брока и Вернике), а также в префронтальной коре — в медиальной части правой верхней лобной, медиальной орбитофронтальной, верхней и средней фронтальных извилины — связано с депрессивными проявлениями. Предполагается связь между генами SIRT1, OXT, CDKAL1 и APOE в возникновении депрессивных симптомов у пациентов с шизофренией.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Понимание и выявление депрессивных симптомов при шизофрении позволит улучшить качество помощи, получаемой пациентами с этим расстройством.

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