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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15543</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15543</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of Immune and Systemic Inflammation Parameters in Patients with a Depressive Episode in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A Scoping Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение показателей иммунной системы и системного воспаления у пациентов с депрессивным эпизодом при биполярном аффективном и рекуррентном депрессивном расстройствах: обзор предметного поля</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-5368</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57555016600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">KII-5878-2024</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1814-4315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasyanova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касьянова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Medical Institute</p></bio><email>aa.kasyanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-1538</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57196354667</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JJF-0047-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7115-2182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolevskaia</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболевская</surname><given-names>Полина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Medical Institute</p></bio><email>aa.kasyanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-7536</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">49863908800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5228-1344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Limankin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиманкин</surname><given-names>Олег Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, The chief physician; Department of Psychotherapy and Sexology; Senior researcher, Medical Institute</p></bio><email>aa.kasyanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200802997</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAY-5832-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3341-2372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Nataliia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Наталия Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, The Head of Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Medical Institute</p></bio><email>aa.kasyanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 named after P.P. Kaschenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая больница № 1 им. П.П. Кащенко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Kasyanova A.A., Sobolevskaia P.A., Limankin O.V., Petrova N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Касьянова А.А., Соболевская П.А., Лиманкин О.В., Петрова Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasyanova A.A., Sobolevskaia P.A., Limankin O.V., Petrova N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касьянова А.А., Соболевская П.А., Лиманкин О.В., Петрова Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15543">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15543</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Many studies have aimed to investigate and compare immune system and systemic inflammation parameters in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) suffering from a depressive episode. However, no systematic review of the results has been conducted so far.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of research studies comparing immune and systemic inflammation parameters in patients with BD and MDD during a depressive episode.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The search for studies was conducted in the Medline and eLIBRARY databases for the period from January 1994 to December 2022. Open-access articles written in English and Russian were selected. The review included original studies that compared groups of patients with BD and MDD (diagnosed based on the DSM-IV, DSM-5, or ICD-10 criterion) by immune and systemic inflammation parameters (such as the counts, ratio, and functions of blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, concentrations of immunoglobulins, cytokines, acute phase proteins, complement components, and autoantibodies).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The review included 24 studies. Current depressive episodes in patients with BD were associated with higher concentrations of chemokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL4, CCL5, CCL11), platelet-derived growth factor B, and interleukin 9 (IL-9) (two studies in each case), whereas patients with MDD tended to have higher concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and immunoglobulin G to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (two studies each). Patients with BD and MDD had comparable concentrations of IL-8 (five studies); IL-2 and IL-10 (four studies each); IL-13 and gamma interferon (three studies each); IL-17, IL-1Rα, the vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as white blood cells, monocyte, and platelet counts (two studies each). Contradictory results were obtained for the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (the concentrations did not differ in five studies, were elevated in BD patients in five studies, were elevated in MDD patients in two studies), IL-6 (the concentrations did not differ in eight studies and were elevated in BD patients in four studies), C-reactive protein (the concentrations did not differ in six studies, were elevated in BD patients in two studies), IL-4 (the concentrations did not differ in three studies and were elevated in MDD patients in two studies), IL-1β and the neutrophil count (the levels did not differ in one study each and were elevated in BD patients in two studies). Several studies have demonstrated an association between immune and systemic inflammation parameters and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, melancholic depression, age of mood disorder onset, body mass index, and imipramine equivalent.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Some immune and systemic inflammation parameters are associated with a current depressive episode in patients with MDD or BD. These parameters may be considered as potential biomarkers for a differential diagnosis of these disorders.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: </bold>Многие исследования ставили задачей изучение и сравнение показателей иммунной системы и системного воспаления при депрессивных эпизодах у пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством (БАР) и рекуррентным депрессивным расстройством (РДР). Однако систематическое обобщение их результатов до настоящего времени не проводилось.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ: </bold>Провести обзор предметного поля исследований, в которых сравнивали показатели иммунной системы и системного воспаления при текущем депрессивном эпизоде у пациентов с БАР и РДР.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ: </bold>Поиск исследований проводился в базах данных Medline и eLIBRARY (статьи на русском языке) за период с января 1994 г. по декабрь 2022 г. Отбирались статьи в открытом доступе, написанные на английском и русском языках. В обзор были включены оригинальные исследования, в которых сравнивали группы пациентов с текущим депрессивным эпизодом при БАР и РДР (диагнозы установлены по критериям DSM-IV, DSM-5 или МКБ-10) по показателям иммунной системы и системного воспаления (количество, соотношение и функции клеток крови, скорость оседания эритроцитов, концентрации иммуноглобулинов, цитокинов, белков острой фазы воспаления, компонентов комплемента, аутоантител).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: </bold>В обзор включено 24 исследования. С текущим депрессивным эпизодом при БАР ассоциированы более высокие концентрации хемокинов (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL4, CCL5, CCL11), тромбоцитарного фактора роста B, интерлейкина 9 (ИЛ-9) (по 2 исследования в каждом случае), при РДР — более высокие концентрации растворимого рецептора фактора некроза опухоли 1 и иммуноглобулинов класса G к окисленным липопротеинам низкой плотности (по 2 исследования). Пациенты с БАР и РДР имели сопоставимые концентрации ИЛ-8 (5 исследований); ИЛ-2 и ИЛ-10 (по 4 исследования); ИЛ-13 и интерферона гамма (по 3 исследования); ИЛ-17, ИЛ-1Rα, фактора роста эндотелия сосудов, а также количество лейкоцитов, моноцитов и тромбоцитов (по 2 исследования). Противоречивые результаты были получены для фактора некроза опухоли α (концентрации не различались в 5 исследованиях, повышены при БАР в 5, повышены при РДР в 2), ИЛ-6 (концентрации не различались в 8 исследованиях, повышены при БАР в 4), С-реактивного белка (концентрации не различались в 6 исследованиях, повышены при БАР в 2), ИЛ-4 (концентрации не различались в 3 исследованиях, повышены при РДР в 2), ИЛ-1β и количества нейтрофилов (не различались по 1 исследованию, повышены при БАР в 2). В нескольких исследованиях была обнаружена ассоциация показателей иммунной системы и системного воспаления с тяжестью депрессивной и тревожной симптоматики, меланхолическим подтипом депрессии, возрастом дебюта расстройства настроения, индексом массы тела и имипраминовым эквивалентом.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Ряд показателей иммунной системы и системного воспаления ассоциирован с текущим депрессивным эпизодом у пациентов с РДР или БАР. Эти показатели могут быть рассмотрены в качестве потенциальных биомаркеров для дифференциальной диагностики указанных расстройств.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depressive episode</kwd><kwd>bipolar disorder</kwd><kwd>major depressive disorder</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессивный эпизод</kwd><kwd>биполярное аффективное расстройство</kwd><kwd>рекуррентное депрессивное расстройство</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-00166</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Smith RS. 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