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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15611</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15611</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of the 5-HTTLPR gene variation of the SLC6A4 serotonergic system in the development of addictive disorders: a narrative review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль вариации 5-HTTLPR гена SLC6A4 серотонинергической системы в формировании аддиктивных расстройств: нарративный обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5977-5518</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5746-3015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>Алексей Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email>alexkrulovwork@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-1876</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6167-5254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Надежда Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of Laboratory of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email>solnishko_84@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5414-4102</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1853-0018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochurov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочуров</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Molecular Genetics</p></bio><email>binbaher@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-26"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Krylov A.V., Pavlova N.I., Bochurov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Крылов А.В., Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krylov A.V., Pavlova N.I., Bochurov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крылов А.В., Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15611">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15611</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Addictive disorders remain a global problem, affecting health, society and the economy. The etiopathogenesis of addictions, which have a multifactorial nature, is poorly understood, making it difficult to develop personalized treatment approaches. Of particular interest is the <italic>SLC6A4</italic> gene, which regulates serotonergic transmission. The 5-HTTLPR variation of this gene is associated with the risk of addictions, but the data are contradictory due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and pleiotropic effects of the gene. Integration of genetic, environmental and neurobiological factors into multidimensional models is becoming relevant.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The aim of this study is to assess the role of 5-HTTLPR variations in the <italic>SLC6A4</italic> gene of the serotonergic system in the development of addictive disorders.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The manuscripts were searched in the MEDLINE and eLIBRARY.RU databases using the keywords in Russian and English: “SLC6A4”, “5-HTTLPR”, “addictive disorders”, “pharmacogenetics”, “serotonin”, “antidepressants”, “ethnic differences”. After eliminating duplicates and a two-stage screening (by titles/annotations and full-text analysis) of the 1,561 discovered papers, the final review included 41 publications that meet the stated inclusion criteria.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The S-allele of 5-HTTLPR is associated with an increased risk of addictions and comorbid affective disorders, but its role is ambiguous due to the heterogeneity of symptoms. Ethnic differences have been identified: the S-allele predominates (70.6–80.9%) in Asian populations, the L-allele in Europeans (38.5–66.7%). Unique neurobiological markers for S-allele carriers have not been established, and the pleiotropic effects of <italic>SLC6A4</italic> are also observed in other mental disorders, which reduces its specificity for addictions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The inconsistency of the data on 5-HTTLPR highlights the need to take into account ethnic specificity and develop multivariate models that integrate genetic, environmental and clinical factors. This will improve risk prediction (development of addictions), personalization of therapy and the effectiveness of pharmacogenetic approaches, reducing the likelihood of adverse reactions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Аддиктивные расстройства остаются глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, комплексно влияя на здоровье, социум и экономику. Этиопатогенез зависимостей, имеющих мультифакториальную природу, изучен недостаточно, что затрудняет разработку персонализированных подходов к лечению пациентов. Особый интерес представляет ген <italic>SLC6A4</italic>, регулирующий серотонинергическую передачу. Вариация 5-HTTLPR этого гена ассоциирована с риском развития зависимостей, однако данные противоречивы из-за гетерогенности клинических проявлений и плейотропных эффектов гена. Актуальной становится интеграция генетических, средовых и нейробиологических факторов в многомерные модели.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Оценить роль изменения 5-HTTLPR гена <italic>SLC6A4</italic> серотонинергической системы в формировании аддиктивных расстройств.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ:</bold> Поиск публикаций производили в базах MEDLINE и eLIBRARY.RU с использованием ключевых слов «SLC6A4», «5-HTTLPR», «аддиктивные расстройства», «фармакогенетика», «серотонин», «антидепрессанты», «этнические различия», «addictive disorders», «pharmacogenetics», «serotonin», «antidepressants», «ethnic differences». После исключения дубликатов и двухэтапного скрининга (по названиям/аннотациям и полнотекстовому анализу) из 1561 обнаруженной работы в финальный обзор вошла 41 публикация, соответствующая заявленным критериям включения.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> S-аллель 5-HTTLPR ассоциирован с повышенным риском развития зависимостей и коморбидных аффективных нарушений, однако его роль неоднозначна из-за гетерогенности симптомов. Выявлены следующие этнические различия: S-аллель преобладает (70,6–80,9%) в азиатских популяциях, L-аллель — у европейцев (38,5–66,7%). Уникальные нейробиологические маркеры для носителей S-аллеля не установлены, а плейотропные эффекты <italic>SLC6A4</italic> наблюдаются и при других психических расстройствах, что снижает его специфичность для аддикций.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Противоречивость данных о 5-HTTLPR подчеркивает необходимость учета этнической специфики и разработки многомерных моделей, объединяющих генетические, средовые и клинические факторы. Это позволит улучшить прогнозирование рисков возникновения аддикций, персонализацию терапии и эффективность фармакогенетических подходов, снижая вероятность развития нежелательных реакций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>5-HTTLPR variant in the SLC6A4 gene</kwd><kwd>psychogenetics</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>addictive behavior</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изменение 5-HTTLPR гена SLC6A4</kwd><kwd>психогенетика</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>аддиктивное поведение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Golub OV, Timofeeva TS, Trishina NT, et al. [Defense mechanisms of personality of adolescents with a tendency to addictive behavior]. Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psihologija [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 April 2];10(2):[8 p]. Russian. 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