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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15700</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15700</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prenatal Ultrasound–Detected Structural Anomalies Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурные аномалии плода как ультразвуковые маркеры риска расстройства аутистического спектра: нарративный обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-5007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamenehei</surname><given-names>Nazyar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаменехи</surname><given-names>Назйар</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student (General psychology, Personality psychology, History of Psychology), Research Engineer</p></bio><email>nazyarkh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-9227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokarskaya ‎</surname><given-names>Lyudmila Valerievna ‎</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарская</surname><given-names>Людмила</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Psychology), Associate Professor, Deputy Director,</p></bio><email>liydmil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Уральский федеральный университет имени
первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина», Екатеринбург,
Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина», Екатеринбург, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Khamenehei N., Tokarskaya ‎ L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Хаменехи Н., Токарская Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khamenehei N., Tokarskaya ‎ L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаменехи Н., Токарская Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15700">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15700</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>ABSTRACT</bold><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with a globally increasing prevalence. Early detection is crucial for effective intervention, yet current diagnostic methods often result in delays. Emerging research suggests that prenatal biomarkers, including structural anomalies detectable via ultrasound, may offer opportunities for earlier identification.<bold>AIM:</bold> To synthesize current evidence on prenatal ultrasound-detectable anomalies associated with ASD and assess their potential as early predictors.<bold>METHODS:</bold> A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2007 and 2025. Keywords included “autism spectrum disorder”, “prenatal ultrasound”, “fetal anomalies”, “preeclampsia”, “neurodevelopment” and “biomarkers”. Priority was given to recent and high-quality studies, including systematic reviews and large cohort analyses. The selected articles were read in full, and their key findings were summarized in a narrative form. The synthesis focused on describing the scope of the existing evidence, the prenatal ultrasound findings reported in relation to ASD, and on highlighting recurrent patterns or notable differences between studies.<bold>RESULTS:</bold> Several studies report associations between ASD and prenatal anomalies such as ventriculomegaly, increased biparietal diameter, hyperechogenic kidneys, and congenital heart defects. However, these findings are not specific to ASD and show inconsistent predictive performance. Sensitivity and specificity vary widely across studies, and ethical concerns about overdiagnosis and disparities in access to care persist. <bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Prenatal ultrasound may contribute to early ASD risk identification but lacks the accuracy required for standalone diagnosis. Integrating ultrasound findings with genetic and postnatal data, along with standardized protocols and further research, is essential to improve its predictive value and clinical application.</p> <p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>АННОТАЦИЯ</bold><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: </bold>Расстройство аутистического спектра (РАС) представляет собой полиэтиологичное нарушение нейропсихического развития, распространенность которого в мире неуклонно растет. Ранняя диагностика имеет решающее значение для эффективного вмешательства, однако существующие методы часто не позволяют своевременно выявить это заболевание. Данные современных исследований свидетельствуют, что пренатальные биомаркеры, включая структурные аномалии плода, выявляемые в ходе ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ), могут стать инструментом для более ранней оценки риска развития РАС.<bold>ЦЕЛЬ: </bold>Обобщить современные данные о пренатальных аномалиях плода, выявляемых с помощью УЗИ и ассоциированных с РАС, и оценить возможность использования данных аномалий в качестве ранних предикторов.<bold>МЕТОДЫ: </bold>Был проведен комплексный поиск литературы в научных базах данных PubMed, Scopus и Google Scholar за 2007–2025 гг. с использованием ключевых слов «расстройство аутистического спектра (autism spectrum disorder)», «пренатальное УЗИ (prenatal ultrasound)», «аномалии плода (fetal anomalies)», «преэклампсия (preeclampsia)», «нейроразвитие (neurodevelopment)» и «биомаркеры (biomarkers)». При отборе публикаций приоритет отдавался наиболее релевантным и методологически качественным работам, включая систематические обзоры и крупные когортные исследования. Отобранные статьи были прочитаны полностью, а их основные результаты обобщены в описательной форме. Синтез информации сосредоточен на области применения существующих данных, характеристике аномалий, выявляемых при пренатальном УЗИ, их связи с РАС, а также на согласованности и противоречиях в результатах различных исследований.<bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: </bold>Ряд исследований демонстрирует связь между повышенным риском РАС и такими аномалиями плода, как вентрикуломегалия, увеличение бипариетального диаметра, гиперэхогенные почки и врожденные пороки сердца. Однако эти маркеры неспецифичны для РАС, а их прогностическая ценность существенно варьирует. Чувствительность и специфичность методов диагностики в разных исследованиях также заметно различаются; кроме того, сохраняются этические вопросы, связанные с гипердиагностикой и неравным доступом к медицинской помощи.<bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: </bold>Пренатальное УЗИ обладает потенциалом для раннего выявления риска развития РАС, но его точность в настоящее время недостаточна для постановки диагноза. Для повышения прогностической ценности и клинической значимости данных пренатального УЗИ необходима их интеграция с результатами генетического тестирования и постнатального наблюдения, а также стандартизация протоколов и проведение дальнейших исследований в этой области.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorder</kwd><kwd>prenatal ultrasound</kwd><kwd>fetal anomalies</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>neurodevelopmental disorders</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройство аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>пренатальное ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>аномалии плода</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>расстройства нейропсихического развития</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. 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