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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15784</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP15784</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of mandala coloring on alpha brain activity and anxiety symptoms among students at Universiti Sains Malaysia: a randomized controlled trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние раскрашивания мандал на альфа-активность головного мозга у студентов в Малайзии: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Xin Ni</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чан</surname><given-names>Синь Ни</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master, Student, Department of Neurosciences</p></bio><email>faizal.zulkifly@usm.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-9209</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-7271-2015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Othman</surname><given-names>Azizah</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отман</surname><given-names>Азиза</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DClinPsych, Associate Professor /Clinical Psychologist, Department of Pediatrics</p></bio><email>faizal.zulkifly@usm.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-9516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusoff</surname><given-names>Nasir</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсуф</surname><given-names>Насир</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Neurosciences, and Brain and Behaviour Cluster</p></bio><email>faizal.zulkifly@usm.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-9972</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56816926400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mohd Zulkifly</surname><given-names>Mohd Faizal</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохаммад Зулькифли</surname><given-names>Мохаммад Файзал</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MY">Malaysia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Lecturer/Clinical Psychologist, Department of Neurosciences, and Brain and Behaviour Cluster</p></bio><email>faizal.zulkifly@usm.my</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Школа медицинских наук, Научный университет Малайзии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-09"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector, 2026</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор, 2026</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15784">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/15784</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> University students commonly experience stress and anxiety, which can negatively affect their academic performance. Mandala coloring has gained attention as a therapeutic art-based activity that may help alleviate symptoms of anxiety. Changes in brain activity, particularly in the alpha power, are known to reflect psychological states and responses to interventions.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study investigated the effects of mandala coloring on alpha brain activity and anxiety symptoms among students at Universiti Sains Malaysia.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> In a randomized experimental study, sixty students aged 18 to 25 years (M=22.97, SD=1.03) with moderate to high anxiety levels were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (<italic>n</italic>=30), which colored a geometric mandala for 20 minutes, or a control group (<italic>n</italic>=30), which colored a blank circle. Brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), and anxiety levels were assessed before and after the session using the Malay version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using a mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) with group (intervention vs. control) as the between-subjects factor, and time and brain regions as the within-subjects factor.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Both groups showed reductions in anxiety symptoms over time, with no significant differences between groups (F(1; 56)=0.03, <italic>p</italic>=0.87). However, EEG changes across brain regions differed between groups, with mandala coloring leading to increased frontal alpha power (F(3; 156)=3.21, <italic>p</italic>=0.03).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Mandala coloring was associated with increased frontal alpha power, suggesting enhanced relaxation and focused attention. Anxiety symptoms decreased in both coloring groups, indicating that coloring in general may support emotional regulation and well-being. Taken together, these findings suggest that coloring-based activities may serve as useful therapeutic tools for reducing anxiety and improving focus among university students.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Студенты университетов часто испытывают стресс и тревогу, что негативно сказывается на их успеваемости. Уменьшить выраженность симптомов тревоги может раскрашивание мандал — один из видов арт-терапии. Объективным критерием оценки такого вмешательства служат изменения электрической активности головного мозга: известно, что мощность альфа-ритма отражает психологическое состояние человека и его ответ на внешние воздействия.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Оценить влияние раскрашивания мандал на альфа-активность головного мозга и выраженность симптомов тревоги у студентов Научного университета Малайзии.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ:</bold> В рандомизированном контролируемом исследовании 60 студентов в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет (средний возраст — 22,97 года, стандартное отклонение — 1,03) со среднетяжелым и тяжелым уровнем тревоги были случайным образом распределены либо в группу вмешательства (<italic>n</italic>=30), участники которой раскрашивали геометрические мандалы, либо в контрольную группу (<italic>n</italic>=30), участники которой раскрашивали пустые окружности. Электрическую активность головного мозга регистрировали методом электроэнцефалографии, а уровень тревоги оценивали по «Шкале тревоги Бека» (малайская версия) до и после сеанса раскрашивания. Данные анализировали с помощью смешанной модели дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA), где группа (группа вмешательства vs контрольная группа) выступала в качестве межгруппового фактора, а время и области головного мозга — в качестве внутригрупповых факторов.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> В обеих группах наблюдалось снижение выраженности симптомов тревоги в динамике, однако значимых различий между группами выявлено не было (F(1, 56)=0,03, <italic>p</italic>=0,87). При этом сравнение изменений показателей электроэнцефалограммы между группами обнаружило различия, которые касались специфических областей головного мозга: в частности, в группе раскрашивания мандал отмечалось повышение мощности альфа-ритма в лобной коре (F(3, 156)=3,21, <italic>p</italic>=0,03).</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ:</bold> Раскрашивание мандал сопровождалось увеличением мощности альфа-ритма в лобной коре, что указывает на более выраженное расслабление и концентрацию внимания. Симптомы тревоги уменьшились в обеих группах, занимавшихся раскрашиванием. Это говорит о том, что раскрашивание как таковое может способствовать регуляции эмоций и улучшению самочувствия. Полученные в совокупности данные позволяют предположить, что раскрашивание может служить эффективным терапевтическим методом для снижения тревоги и улучшения концентрации внимания у студентов университета.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>mandala</kwd><kwd>alpha power</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>brain activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>мандала</kwd><kwd>мощность альфа-ритма</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>активность головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Cognitive Neuroscience Program Bench Fees</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>401/PPSP/E3170003</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Cognitive Neuroscience Program Bench Fees (401/PPSP/E3170003).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mohamad Anuar MF, Omar MA, Ganapathy SS, et al. 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