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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">188</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP188</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Alcohol Addiction in War Veterans Treated in a In-patient Psychiatric Facility: Incidence, Comorbidity with PTSD Symptoms, Association with Combat Stressors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Алкогольная зависимость у ветеранов войн, получающих лечение в психиатрическом стационаре: встречаемость, коморбидность с симптомами ПТСР, связь с боевыми стрессорами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-5901</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4955-8297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznik</surname><given-names>Aleksandr M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резник</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, assistant professor, doctor-psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7629-5309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syunyakov</surname><given-names>Timur S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюняков</surname><given-names>Тимур Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior researcher</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-9299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arbuzov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арбузов</surname><given-names>Александр Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, assistant professor, doctor-psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Food Production</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Psychiatric Hospital No. 5</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московской области «Психиатрическая больница № 5»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Reznik A.M., Syunyakov T.S., Arbuzov A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Резник А.М., Сюняков Т.С., Арбузов А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reznik A.M., Syunyakov T.S., Arbuzov A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резник А.М., Сюняков Т.С., Арбузов А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/188">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/188</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The dearth of and inconsistency in the data on the prevalence, risks of occurrence, comorbidity, and causation of stress-related disorders and alcohol use disorders in Russian veterans of local wars constituted the background for this study.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the psychopathological structure, clinical changes, and the reasons for the mental disorders suffered by Russian veterans of local wars; in particular, to study the prevalence, pathogenic factors, comorbidity of alcohol addiction and alcohol abuse, together with symptoms of stress disorders, in Russian veterans undergoing inpatient treatment.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Our observational case-control study included 685 patients who were undergoing treatment in the psychiatric department of a military hospital: the Main group (veterans) consisted of 264 veterans of armed conflicts who had undergone inpatient treatment from 1992 to 2010; the Control group, 1, 296 patients, all servicemen and military pensioners who had undergone inpatient treatment during a calendar year and had never taken part in combat operations in the past; Control group 2, 125 military personnel (regular and reserve) who had not taken part in combat operations and corresponded to the patients of the main group in terms of the mean age and age distribution curve. We performed a clinical and psychopathological analysis of the symptoms identified in patients from the compared samples and, then, compared them with the ICD-10 criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-related disorders. This allowed us to establish the significance of the difference in their frequency and degree of association at the stage of the data analysis.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> We uncovered no difference in the prevalence of symptoms of alcohol addiction and alcohol abuse among veterans and other servicemen and military pensioners who had not taken part in combat operations. However, there was a tendency to underdiagnose alcohol addiction in veterans in general and those with symptoms of PTSD, in particular. That is, alcohol addiction was not diagnosed in most cases when the veterans displayed symptoms of stress or other mental disorders, in addition to the signs of alcohol addiction. In most such cases, a stress-related mental disorder or another mental disorder with identified signs was diagnosed and alcohol abuse was described as a concomitant disorder or a complication. There was no significant association between any form of alcohol addiction or abuse and the presence of stress disorder symptoms in our sample of veterans; on the contrary, symptoms of re-experience of trauma were more often observed in veterans who were not prone to frequent drinking. The incidence of combat stressors traced in the medical history did not differ in veterans with any form of alcohol abuse and veterans who were not prone to frequent drinking. However, the main group subjects with alcohol addiction more often displayed cases of addictive behavior during combat operations. Therefore, alcohol abuse during combat operations requires additional research to better establish its prognostic significance.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> This Study found no difference in the incidence of alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse among veterans and other officers. In the sample of veterans, there was no significant association between alcoholism and the presence of PTSD symptoms or a history of combat stressors. It is possible that the same risk of alcohol addiction in different categories of military officers is due to a compact of social stressors that equally had a more significant adverse effect on the entire population of Russian military personnel in the 90s of the last century and the first years of this century, as well as the massive abuse of alcohol, which could also equalize the risks of developing alcohol dependence in all groups of militaries.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Недостаток и противоречивость данных о распространенности, рисках возникновения, характере коморбидности и каузальной атрибуции расстройств, связанных со стрессом, и расстройств, вызванных употреблением алкоголя, у российских ветеранов локальных войн стали предпосылкой данного исследования.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Изучение психопатологической структуры, клинической динамики, предпосылок возникновения психических расстройств у российских ветеранов локальных войн, и, в частности, изучение распространенности, патогенных факторов, коморбидности алкогольной зависимости и злоупотребления алкоголем с симптомами стрессовых расстройств у российских ветеранов, проходивших стационарное лечение.</p> <p><bold>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ:</bold> В обсервационное исследование «случай-контроль» включены 685 пациентов, которые проходили лечение в психиатрических отделениях военного госпиталя: основная группа (ветераны) — 264 ветерана вооруженных конфликтов, которые получали стационарное лечение в госпитале с 1992 до 2010 год; 1-я группа сравнения, включала 296 человек — всех военнослужащих и военных пенсионеров, получавших лечение в госпитале в течение одного календарного года, никогда в прошлом не принимавшие участия в боевых действиях; 2-я группа сравнения — 125 военнослужащих (кадровые и запаса), которые не принимали участия в боевых действиях и соответствовали по среднему возрасту и кривой распределения возраста пациентам основной группы. В сравниваемых выборках проведен клинико-психопатологический анализ выявленных у пациентов симптомов с последующим соотнесением их с критериями МКБ-10 для диагностики посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР) и расстройств, вызванных употреблением алкоголя, что позволило на этапе анализа данных установить значимость различия их частоты и степени сопряженности.</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ:</bold> Выявлено отсутствие разницы распространенности симптомов алкогольной зависимости и злоупотребления алкоголем у ветеранов и других военнослужащих и военных пенсионеров, не принимавших участия в боевых действиях. Вместе с тем отмечена тенденция к гиподиагностике алкогольной зависимости у ветеранов вообще и имеющих симптомы ПТСР в частности. То есть, диагноз алкогольной зависимости не ставили в большинстве случае, когда у ветеранов наряду с ее признаками, имелись симптомы стрессовых или других психических расстройств. В таких случаях чаще устанавливали диагноз психического расстройства, связанного со стрессом или другого психического расстройства, признаки которого были выявлены, а злоупотребление алкоголем характеризовали как сопутствующее или осложняющее. В выборке ветеранов не выявлено значимой связи между какими-либо формами зависимости или злоупотребления алкоголем и наличием симптомов стрессовых расстройств, напротив, симптомы повторного переживания травмы чаще отмечались у ветеранов, которые не были склонны к частому употреблению спиртного. Боевые стрессоры, которые прослеживаются в анамнезе, по встречаемости не имели разницы у ветеранов с любыми формами злоупотребления алкоголем и ветеранов, которые не склонны к частому употреблению спиртных напитков. Вместе с тем, у участников исследования основной группы, имеющих алкогольную зависимость, отмечено, что в период участия в боевых действиях у них чаще были случаи аддиктивного поведения. В связи с этим злоупотребление алкоголем во время боевых действий требует дополнительной проверки на предмет его прогностического значения.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ:</bold> Исследование не выявило разницы частоты алкогольной зависимости и злоупотребления алкоголем у ветеранов и других военнослужащих. В выборке ветеранов не выявлено значимой связи между алкоголизмом и наличием симптомов ПТСР или боевыми стрессорами в анамнезе. Возможно, одинаковый риск алкогольной аддикции у разных категорий военнослужащих обусловлен комплексом социальных стрессоров, которые в равной мере оказывали более существенное неблагоприятное влияние на всю популяцию российских военнослужащих в 90-е годы прошлого века и первые годы текущего столетия, а также массовым в тот период времени злоупотреблением алкоголем, что также могло уровнять риски развития алкогольной зависимости во всех группах военнослужащих.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol addiction</kwd><kwd>alcoholism</kwd><kwd>alcohol abuse</kwd><kwd>combat mental trauma</kwd><kwd>combat stress disorder</kwd><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>combat stress</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алкогольная зависимость</kwd><kwd>алкоголизм</kwd><kwd>злоупотребление алкоголем</kwd><kwd>боевая психическая травма</kwd><kwd>боевое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>боевой стресс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Litvintsev SV, Snedkov EV, Reznik AM. 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