Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector19410.17816/CP194SPECIAL ARTICLEСПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯShort CommunicationDevelopment of Community Mental Health Infrastructure in Thailand: From the Past to the COVID-19 PandemicРазвитие амбулаторной психиатрической службы в Таиланде: от прошлого к настоящему во время пандемии COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-008957207845643WannasewokKamonnetВаннасевокКамоннет
Thailand

Doctor of Medicine (MD) (Second Class Honours), Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital

Кафедра психиатрии, медицинский факультет больницы Сирирадж

Kamonnet.wan@mahidol.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-4243SuraaroonsamritBurinСураарунсамритБурин
Thailand

Doctor of Medicine (MD), Senior Academic Consultant

burinsura@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-1034JeungsiragulwitDutsadeeДжеунсирагулвитДутсади
Thailand

Doctor of Medicine (First Class Honours), Director of Bureau

drdutsadee@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3423-0037UdomratnPichetУдомратнПичет
Thailand

Doctor of Medicine (MD) (Honors), Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine

Медицинский факультет

pudomratn74@gmail.comMahidol UniversityУниверситет МахидолBureau of Mental Health Service Administration, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public HealthБюро по управлению службами охраны психического здоровья, департамент психического здоровья, Министерство здравоохраненияPrince of Songkla UniversityУниверситет принца Сонгкла3009202233981092206202223092022Copyright ©; 2022, Wannasewok K., Suraaroonsamrit B., Jeungsiragulwit D., Udomratn P.Copyright ©; 2022, Ваннасевок К., Сураарунсамрит Б., Джеунсирагулвит Д., Удомратн П.2022Wannasewok K., Suraaroonsamrit B., Jeungsiragulwit D., Udomratn P.Ваннасевок К., Сураарунсамрит Б., Джеунсирагулвит Д., Удомратн П.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/194

Thailand is an upper middle-income country located in the center of mainland Southeast Asia with a population of 66.17 million as of 2021. The aim of this review article is to illustrate the development of community mental health in our country. We have divided the article into five main sections: namely, the mental health service infrastructure, the community mental health system, human resources, mental health financing, public education, and links to other sectors. Mental health care has been integrated into primary care since 1982, resulting in a major shift in focus on mental health at the community level; however, mental health problems and the mental health gap in service accessibility remain present, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Community mental health care has been extended to networks outside the health care system, including the community authorities. It has been provided with psychiatric care and rehabilitation, together with the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders for improving accessibility to services, especially during a pandemic situation. Finally, future challenges to face community mental health have been outlined, such as insufficient staff to develop rehabilitation service facilities for people with chronic, serious mental illnesses; identifying supporting funding from other stakeholders; and mental health care for persons with long COVID living in the community.

Таиланд — страна с уровнем дохода выше среднего, расположенная в центре материковой части Юго-Восточной Азии, с населением 66,17 млн человек в 2021 году. Цель данной обзорной статьи — проанализировать этапы развития амбулаторной психиатрической службы в нашей стране. Статья разделена на пять основных разделов, а именно: система охраны психического здоровья, система амбулаторной психиатрической службы, кадровые ресурсы, финансирование психиатрической помощи, просвещение населения и связи с другими секторами. С 1982 года психиатрическая помощь интегрирована в первичную медико-санитарную помощь, что привело к значительному увеличению внимания к психическому здоровью на общественном уровне; однако проблемы в области психического здоровья и недостаточная доступность психиатрической помощи все еще существуют, особенно во время пандемии COVID-19. Амбулаторная психиатрическая служба охватила структуры, не входящие в систему здравоохранения, в том числе и органы местного самоуправления. Данная служба включает психиатрическую помощь и реабилитацию, а также укрепление психического здоровья и профилактику психических расстройств, ее задача заключается в повышении доступности помощи, особенно во время пандемии. Наконец, рассмотрены требующие решения проблемы амбулаторной психиатрической службы, такие как нехватка персонала для создания реабилитационной службы для людей с хроническими тяжелыми психическими заболеваниями, привлечение финансирования от других заинтересованных сторон, а также забота о психическом здоровье людей с постковидным синдромом в условиях привычной социальной среды.

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