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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">211</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Russian Federation: A Retrospective Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространенность расстройств аутистического спектра в Российской Федерации: ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-082X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6506802044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAD-2209-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>Наталия Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Head of the department of social pediatrics and the organization of multidisciplinary support for children</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом социальной педиатрии, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>ust-doctor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">48761908100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">C-9485-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Namazova-Baranova</surname><given-names>Leila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Намазова-Баранова</surname><given-names>Лейла Сеймуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, Head of the Department</p></bio><email>leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-8554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basova</surname><given-names>Anna Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басова</surname><given-names>Анна Яновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Research, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology</p></bio><email>dr.anna.basova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-0880</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200546050</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAO-3322-2021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloshenko</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солошенко</surname><given-names>Маргарита Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology</p></bio><email>margosoloshenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-0562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56712891600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">IDX-6339-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishneva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute</p></bio><email>vishneva.e@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>Zoya Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>Зоя Ядитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Department of Social Pediatrics and the Organization of Multidisciplinary Support for Children, Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute</p></bio><email>z.suleymanova00@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshin</surname><given-names>Mikhail Sergeevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшин</surname><given-names>Михаил Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the 12th Psychiatric Department</p></bio><email>Mihail.lapsha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБНУ «Научно-практический центр психического здоровья детей и подростков им. Г.Е. Сухаревой Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии
им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-04"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/211">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/211</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: There has been an increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) worldwide over the past decades. Studies have shown that the number of confirmed diagnoses correlates with the awareness of the disorder among the general public and the professional community, in particular, as well as the availability of formalized screening procedures and modern medical and educational tools for families raising children with ASD in regional population centers. Thus, comparing autism prevalence rates in regions of the same country helps identify regions with limited access to diagnostic services and adequate medical care.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To estimate the overall number of individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for ASD in Russia and determine the differences in the number of registered individuals with established diagnosis in the constituent territories of the Russian Federation.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: We conducted a retrospective, observational study and analyzed data from official statistical reports (form 12 “Information on the Number of Diseases Registered in Patients Residing in the Service Area of a Healthcare Institution” for 2020–2021).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: A steady upward trend in the number of individuals with autism has been observed since 2014 in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the federal districts, although the prevalence rates differ from the global median prevalence of ASD (all-Russian figure by almost 40 times). In addition, regional differences (by 104.5 times) in the frequency of the diagnosis have been revealed: from a minimum of 1.7 to a maximum of 177.7 per 100,000 population. The percentile distribution of the number of individuals with ASD that are followed-up at healthcare facilities in the constituent territories of the Russian Federation was in the interquartile range (25–75th percentile), below the 25th percentile, and above the 75th percentile in 38, 26 and 21 regions, respectively.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The study has shown significant differences in the ASD diagnosis rates by regions in the country against a backdrop of a low (compared to international data) number of registered cases of autism. The presented data suggest that, due to the lack of proper diagnosis, a significant number of individuals with ASD do not receive adequate medical care, nor do they receive social, psychological, or pedagogical support. Possible reasons for this probably include low awareness of new diagnostic approaches among psychiatrists; low level of involvement of pediatrics professionals in screening activities; and fear of stigmatization because of a psychiatric diagnosis in the absence of a developed medical care infrastructure that encompasses a social, psychological, and pedagogical support system for people with ASD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</bold>. В течение последних десятилетий во всем мире отмечается увеличение распространенности расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС). По данным исследований количество установленных диагнозов коррелирует с уровнем осведомленности о характере расстройства в обществе в целом и в профессиональном сообществе в частности, наличием формализованных процедур скрининга и доступных в регионе современных медицинских и образовательных услуг для семей, воспитывающих детей с РАС. Таким образом, сравнение показателей распространенности аутизма внутри регионов одной страны помогает выявить регионы с ограниченным доступом к диагностическим услугам и адекватной медицинской помощи.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ</bold>. Общая оценка количества лиц, соответствующих диагностическим критериям РАС, в России и определение различий в количестве зарегистрированных лиц с установленным диагнозом в субъектах Российской Федерации.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ</bold>. Проведено ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование, проанализированы данные официальной государственной статистической отчетности (форма 12 «Сведения о числе заболеваний, зарегистрированных у пациентов, проживающих в районе обслуживания медицинской организации» за 2020–2021 гг.).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</bold>. Отмечена устойчивая тенденция к росту числа людей с аутизмом, наблюдающаяся с 2014 г. в целом по Российской Федерации и в федеральных округах. При этом показатели распространенности (общероссийский — почти в 40 раз) отличаются от общемировой медианной распространенности РАС. Выявлены региональные различия (в 104,5 раза) частоты диагноза: от минимального 1,7 до максимального 177,7 на 100 000 населения. Распределение по перцентилям количества лиц с РАС, находящихся под динамическим наблюдением в субъектах РФ, составило: в межквартильном диапазоне (25–75 перцентиль) — 38 регионов, ниже 25-го перцентиля — 26, выше 75-го — 21.</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</bold>. Исследование показало значительные различия в уровне диагностики РАС в зависимости от региона страны на фоне низкого (по сравнению с международными данными) числа зарегистрированных случаев аутизма. Представленные данные позволяют предположить, что из-за отсутствия надлежащей диагностики значительная часть лиц с РАС не получают адекватной медико-социальной и психолого-педагогической помощи. Возможными причинами этого, вероятно, являются недостаточная осведомленность врачей-психиатров в отношении новых диагностических подходов, низкая вовлеченность педиатрической службы в скрининговые мероприятия, опасения стигматизации по факту психиатрического диагноза в отсутствие развитых структур медико-социального и психолого-педагогического сопровождения лиц с РАС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутизм</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO. Informatsionnyi byulleten’ [Internet]. Autizm [cited 2022 March 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders. 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