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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-8-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety, depression and distress – online survey results amid the pandemic in Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на уровень тревоги, депрессии и дистресса: результаты онлайн-опроса в условиях пандемии в России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>Ольга Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>drkarpenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syunyakov</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюняков</surname><given-names>Тимур Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>sjunja@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-8240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulygina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулыгина</surname><given-names>Майя Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>mkulygina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-552X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlichenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павличенко</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>apavlichenko76@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1743-0990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetkina</surname><given-names>Anastasiya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>Aschetkina93@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrushchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрющенко</surname><given-names>Алиса Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><email>alissia.va@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Karpenko O.A., Syunyakov T.S., Kulygina M.A., Pavlichenko A.V., Chetkina A.S., Andrushchenko A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Карпенко О.А., Сюняков Т.С., Кулыгина М.А., Павличенко А.В., Четкина А.С., Андрющенко А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpenko O.A., Syunyakov T.S., Kulygina M.A., Pavlichenko A.V., Chetkina A.S., Andrushchenko A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпенко О.А., Сюняков Т.С., Кулыгина М.А., Павличенко А.В., Четкина А.С., Андрющенко А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/28">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/28</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic evoked a variety of research into the virus and its effects on mental health. A variety of mental health and psychological problems have been reported: stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, denial, stigma, anger and fear.</p> <p><bold>Objectives. </bold>To assess the level of anxiety, depression and distress in the general population during the lockdown in Russia and to reveal factors associated with distress.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold>. An online survey was carried out from 22–27 April 2020 (the fourth week of lockdown) among the general population (mostly Moscow residents). The survey questions covered general information about people’s social and demographic characteristics, experience of COVID-19, health condition (physical and mental), attitudes and views on the pandemic, and the need for psychological support. The survey included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and evaluation of the preceding week’s subjective distress level using a visual numeric scale (from 0 to 10). We also asked respondents to specify the causes of distress, adopted from the WHO information sheet relating to the major psychological challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. In total, 352 responses were collected (men = 74, women = 278; age (M ± SD) = 36.81 ± 11.36 y.o.). Most respondents (n = 225, 63.92%) did not have any personal experience of the coronavirus infection. Normal levels of anxiety and depression scores were prevalent in the sample. Higher than normal levels of HADS anxiety/depression (&gt; 7 scores) were observed in 105 (29.83%) and 59 (16.76%) respondents, respectively; mean (95% CI) scores for HADS anxiety/depression were 6.23 [5.77, 6.68] /4.65 [4.22, 5.08] (women) and 4.20 [3.32, 5.09] /3.46 [2.63, 4.29] (men), respectively.The leading causes of distress were: 1) the risk of financial problems in the future (n = 267, 76.3%); 2) violation of plans and the disruption to normal life (n = 235, 67.1%; and n = 240, 68.6%, respectively); 3) the health of elderly or chronically diseased relatives (n = 205, 58.6%) and 4) being in self-isolation (n = 186, 53.1%).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The level of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the study sample did not exceed the norm for the population in non-pandemic conditions. Our assessment of distress levels captured existing emotional problems, and distress levels were found to be connected with the reported need for psychological support.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. В 2020 году пандемия COVID-19 спровоцировала разнообразные исследования, в фокусе которых оказался и сам вирус, и влияние пандемии на психическое здоровье. В результате были выявлены разнообразные психиатрические нарушения и психологические реакции: стресс, тревога, депрессия, бессонница, отрицание, стигматизация, гнев и страх.</p> <p><bold>Цели. </bold>Измерить уровень тревоги, депрессии и дистресса у населения в период самоизоляции в России, выявить факторы, связанные с дистрессом.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. С 22 по 27 апреля 2020 года (четвертая неделя периода изоляции) был проведен онлайнопрос населения (в основном жителей Москвы). В ходе опроса собирались социальные и демографические данные о респондентах, опыте с COVID-19, состоянии здоровья (физического и психического), отношении к пандемии и мнению о ней, потребности в психологической поддержке. Опрос включал госпитальную шкалу тревоги и депрессии (HADS), а также оценку уровня субъективного дистресса за предыдущую неделю с использованием визуальной числовой шкалы (от 0 до 10). Кроме того, респондентов просили указать причины дистресса из списка, составленного на основе информационного листка ВОЗ о главных психологических проблемах, вызванных пандемией COVID-19.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В общей сложности было собрано 352 ответа (от мужчин – 74, от женщин – 278; возраст (среднее ± SD) – 36.81 ± 11.36 года). Большинство респондентов (n = 225, 63.92%) не имели какого-либо личного опыта, связанного с коронавирусной инфекцией. В группе преобладали нормальные уровни тревоги и депрессии. Уровень тревоги/депрессии по шкале HADS выше нормального (&gt; 7 баллов) был отмечен у 105 (29.83%) и 59 (16.76%) респондентов соответственно; средний (95% ДИ) уровень тревоги/депрессии по шкале HADS составил 6,23 [5.77, 6.68] / 4,65 [4.22, 5.08] (женщины) и 4.20 [3.32, 5.09] / 3.46 [2.63, 4.29] (мужчины) соответственно.Основными причинами дистресса были: 1) риск финансовых проблем в будущем (n = 267, 76.3%); 2) нарушение планов и привычной жизни (n = 235, 67.1% и n = 240, 68.6% соответственно); 3) здоровье пожилых или хронически больных родственников (n = 205, 58.6%); 4) нахождение в самоизоляции (n = 186, 53.1%). </p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>В популяции участников исследования уровень тревоги и депрессии во время пандемии COVID-19 не превысил нормальные значения, характерные для населения в условиях без пандемии. Проведенный анализ уровня дистресса выявил существующие эмоциональные проблемы, была обнаружена связь между уровнем дистресса и потребностью, по мнению участника, в психологической поддержке.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>distress</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>HADS</kwd><kwd>mental health</kwd><kwd>survey</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>дистресс</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>HADS</kwd><kwd>психическое здоровье</kwd><kwd>опрос</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-20. 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