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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3728</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP3728</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Treatment of Depression with Vortioxetine and Second Generation Antipsychotics During the Period of Remission Formation in Schizophrenia (Interim Data Analysis)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комбинированное лечение депрессии вортиоксетином и антипсихотиками второго поколения в период формирования ремиссии при шизофрении (данные промежуточного анализа)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-5901</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4955-8297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznik</surname><given-names>Aleksandr M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резник</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой психиатрии, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syunyakov</surname><given-names>Timur S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюняков</surname><given-names>Тимур Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Med.), Senior Researcher, Chief advisor on R&amp;D, Leading Expert (Coordinator on Statistical Data Analysis), International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>sjunja@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1315-516X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudrak</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудрак</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-психиатр</p></bio><email>mudrik_ne@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-5233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>Nikolay B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>Николай Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Day Hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий дневным стационаром, врач-психиатр</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Zhanna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Жанна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Day Hospital, Psychiatrist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий дневным стационаром, врач-психиатр</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshilova</surname><given-names>Anastasia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошилова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khurbatova</surname><given-names>Ilona G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хурбатова</surname><given-names>Илона Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-психиатр</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-7116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saifulina</surname><given-names>Alina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфулина</surname><given-names>Алина Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-3216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseenko</surname><given-names>Anton M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеенко</surname><given-names>Антон Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matvievskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвиевская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Psychiatrist</p></bio><email>a.m.reznik1969@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-2259</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7247-6175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khannanova</surname><given-names>Angelina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханнанова</surname><given-names>Ангелина Наилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Med.), Deputy Chief Doctor, Assistant</p></bio><email>a.khannanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental-health Clinic No. 4 named after P.B. Gannushkin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 4 им. П.Б. Ганнушкина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Narcology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский специализированный научно-практический центр наркологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy “Mindset”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника психиатрии и психотерапии «МАЙНДСЕТ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mental health clinic “Empathy”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр ментального здоровья «Эмпатия»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Reznik A.M., Syunyakov T.S., Mudrak A.V., Zakharov N.B., Popova Z.B., Khoroshilova A.N., Khurbatova I.G., Saifulina A.M., Eliseenko A.M., Matvievskaya T.K., Khannanova A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Резник А.М., Сюняков Т.С., Мудрак А.В., Захаров Н.Б., Попова Ж.Б., Хорошилова А.Н., Хурбатова И.Г., Сайфулина А.М., Елисеенко А.М., Матвиевская Т.К., Ханнанова А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reznik A.M., Syunyakov T.S., Mudrak A.V., Zakharov N.B., Popova Z.B., Khoroshilova A.N., Khurbatova I.G., Saifulina A.M., Eliseenko A.M., Matvievskaya T.K., Khannanova A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резник А.М., Сюняков Т.С., Мудрак А.В., Захаров Н.Б., Попова Ж.Б., Хорошилова А.Н., Хурбатова И.Г., Сайфулина А.М., Елисеенко А.М., Матвиевская Т.К., Ханнанова А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/3728">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/3728</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Depression in patients with schizophrenia worsens the course of the disease by increasing the risk of suicide, by complicating the clinical picture of the disorder, and by reducing the quality of the social functioning; its treatment is difficult, since monotherapy, even when involving modern antipsychotics, does not always prove successful. While the prescription of additional antidepressants (ADs) can improve the likelihood of a better outcome, the effectiveness of such augmentation in many cases is yet to be proven. Therefore, it is still important that one weighs the effectiveness of various combinations between most of the known ADs and some second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) in the treatment of depression that occurs at different stages of schizophrenia. In previous studies, the use of vortioxetine as an adjunct to an antipsychotic yielded a reduction in negative symptoms, a clinically significant improvement in cognitive functions that differed from its antidepressant effect, and good tolerability, which affects how committed to treatment a patient remains.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To study the changes that occur over time in the clinical manifestations of depression, negative and cognitive impairment, as well as the social adequacy of patients receiving a combination therapy with second-generation antipsychotics and vortioxetine, which were prescribed in real clinical practice at doses approved in the Russian Federation.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> We performed a comparative analysis of the changes in depression symptoms and negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, as well as function of 78 patients with severe manifestations of depression at the stage of exacerbation reduction and subsequent remission of paranoid schizophrenia. Combination treatment with SGA and vortioxetine was used in 39 patients, and 39 patients who had similar clinical manifestations received just SGA. During the observation period, the mental disorder severity and depression symptom severity were assessed 3 times (before the start of treatment, after three months, and after six months) using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), respectively; patients were also assessed using the Negative Symptoms Assessment-5 (NSA-5) scale, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-20 items (PDQ-20) scale, and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> According to the ANOVA results, by the end of the observation period, patients, regardless of their therapeutic group, showed a statistically significant decrease in the level of depression on the CDSS scale, the severity of negative symptoms on the NSA-5 scale, cognitive symptoms on the PDQ-20 scale, as well as an improvement in personality and society, judging by the increase in the total PSP scores. There were also significant differences between the compared main (SGA + vortioxetine) and control (SGA) groups in terms of the changes in the total score on the CDSS and PSP scales. An interesting aspect of the changes in the clinical scores was a noticeable improvement in the SGA + vortioxetine group after 3 months of treatment, in the absence of a similar improvement in the control group, and the achievement of approximately the same scores in both groups after 6 months. In particular, there were significant differences between the SGA + vortioxetine and SGA groups in terms of the mean CDSS (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), NSA-5 (<italic>p</italic>=0.003), PDQ-20 (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), and PSP (<italic>p</italic>=0.004) scores after 3 months. Analysis of the time before early withdrawal from the study showed that significantly more patients in the SGA + vortioxetine group completed the study program (<italic>n</italic>=27, 69.23%) compared with the SGA group (<italic>n</italic>=13, 33.33%) (χ<sup>2 </sup>=14.618, df=1, <italic>p </italic>&lt;0.001, log-rank test. The mean survival time in the SGA group was significantly (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001) less and amounted to 101.436 days (95% CI: 81.518–121.354), and in the SGA + vortioxetine group it amounted to 161.744 days (147.981–175.506). The relative risk of full study completion in the vortioxetine + SGA group compared with that in SGA was 3.618 (1.871–6.994).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The addition of vortioxetine to the SGA therapy accelerates the reduction of the depression symptoms that occur at the stage of psychosis regression and early remission, contributes to the accelerated reduction in negative symptoms, positively affects the subjective assessment of cognitive impairment severity, and has a significant positive effect on the level of psychosocial functioning.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>ВВЕДЕНИЕ:</bold> Депрессия у больных шизофренией ухудшает исходы болезни, повышая риск самоубийств, осложняя клиническую картину и снижая качество социального функционирования; ее лечение затруднено, так как монотерапия даже современными антипсихотиками не всегда успешна, а назначение дополнительных антидепрессантов (АД) может улучшать результат, но эффективность такой аугментации во многих случаях еще требует доказательств. Поэтому до сих пор остается актуальным анализ эффективности комбинаций большинства АД и антипсихотика второго поколения (АВП) при лечении депрессии, возникающей на разных этапах шизофрении. В ранее проведенных исследованиях назначение вортиоксетина в качестве дополнения к антипсихотику показало уменьшение выраженности негативных симптомов, клинически значимое улучшение когнитивных функций, которое отличался от его антидепрессивного действия, а также хорошую переносимость, что влияет на приверженность лечению.</p> <p><bold>ЦЕЛЬ:</bold> Изучение динамики клинических проявлений депрессии, негативных и когнитивных нарушений, а также социального функционирования пациентов на фоне комбинированной терапии АВП и вортиоксетином, которые назначались в условиях реальной клинической практики в разрешенных в Российской Федерации дозах.</p> <p><bold>МЕТОДЫ:</bold> Проведен сравнительный анализ динамики депрессивной и негативной симптоматики, когнитивных нарушений, а также личностного и социального функционирования у 78 пациентов с выраженными проявлениями депрессии на этапе редукции обострения и последующего становления ремиссии параноидной шизофрении. Лечение комбинацией АВП и вортиоксетина получали 39 человек, а 39 пациентов, имевших аналогичные клинические проявления, получали монотерапию АВП. В период наблюдения 3 раза (до начала лечения, спустя три месяца и шесть месяцев) проводилась оценка тяжести психического расстройства по шкале общего клинического впечатления (Clinical Global Impression, CGI), выраженности депрессивной симптоматики по шкале депрессии Калгари (Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, CDSS), а также пациенты оценивались по 5-пунктовой шкале негативной симптоматики (5-Items Negative Symptoms Assessment, NSA-5), по 20-пунктовой шкале субъективно воспринимаемого когнитивного дефицита (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-20 items, PDQ-20) и по шкале личностного и социального функционирования (Personal and Social Performance, PSP).</p> <p><bold>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: </bold>Данные проведенного теста ANOVA свидетельствуют, что вне зависимости от терапевтической группы у пациентов к завершению периода наблюдения отмечались статистически значимое снижение уровня депрессии по шкале CDSS, выраженности негативных симптомов по шкале NSA-5, когнитивных симптомов по шкале PDQ-20, а также улучшение личностного и социального функционирования — повышение итогового балла шкалы PSP. Вместе с тем, между сравниваемыми основной (АВП + вортиоксетин) и контрольной (АВП) группами выявлены статистически значимые различия по динамике суммарного балла по шкалам CDSS и PSP. Особенностью динамики показателей клинических шкал стало наличие заметного улучшения в группе АВП + вортиоксетин через 3 месяца лечения при отсутствии аналогичного улучшения в группе контроля и достижение примерно одинаковых значений шкал в обеих группах через 6 месяцев. В частности, через 3 месяца между группами АВП + вортиоксетин и АВП имелись статистически значимые различия средних значений шкал CDSS (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001), NSA-5 (<italic>p</italic>=0,003), PDQ-20 (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001) и PSP (<italic>p</italic>=0,004). Анализ времени до преждевременного завершения исследования продемонстрировал, что в группе АВП + вортиоксетин статистически значимо больше пациентов полностью завершили программу исследования (<italic>n</italic>=27, 69,23%) по сравнению с группой АВП (<italic>n</italic>=13, 33,33%) (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 14,618, df = 1, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001, лог-ранк текст). Коэффициент выживаемости (коэффициент времени, в течение которого пациент продолжает назначенную терапию) в исследовании в группе АВП было статистически значимо (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001) меньше и составило 101, 436 дня (95% ДИ: 81 518–121 354), а в группе АВП + вортиоксетин — 161 744 дня (147 981–175 506). Показатель относительного риска для полного завершения исследования в группе вортиоксетин + АВП по сравнению с АВП составил 3618 (1871–6994).</p> <p><bold>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ:</bold> Присоединение вортиоксетина к терапии АВП позволяет ускорить редукцию симптомов депрессии, возникающих на этапе обратного развития психоза и становления ремиссии, способствует ускоренному ослаблению негативных симптомов, положительно влияет на субъектную оценку выраженности когнитивных нарушений, оказывает существенное положительное влияние на уровень психосоциального функционирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>negative symptoms</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>exacerbation of schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>second-generation antipsychotic</kwd><kwd>psychopharmacotherapy</kwd><kwd>psychosocial functioning</kwd><kwd>vortioxetine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антипсихотик второго поколения</kwd><kwd>вортиоксетин</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>негативные симптомы</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>психофармакотерапия</kwd><kwd>психосоциальное функционирование</kwd><kwd>ремиссия шизофрении</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Лунбек</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Upthegrove R, Marwaha S, Birchwood M. 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