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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-2-14-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPECIAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Community-Based Mental Health Care in Britain</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Амбулаторная психиатрическая служба в Великобритании</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burns</surname><given-names>Tom</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бернс</surname><given-names>Том</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GB">United Kingdom</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Tom Burns,</bold></p> <p>Professor Emeritus, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Том Бернс</p> <p><italic>Оксфорд</italic></p></bio><email>tom.burns@psych.ox.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Отделение психиатрии, Оксфордский университет, больница Уорнефорд</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Burns T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Бернс Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burns T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бернс Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/48">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/48</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Community mental health care in the UK was established by two influential mental health acts (MHAs). The 1930 MHA legislated for voluntary admissions and outpatient clinics. The 1959 MHA required hospitals to provide local follow- up after discharge, required them to work closely with local social services and obliged social services to help with accommodation and support. An effect of this was to establish highly sectorized services for populations of about 50,000. These were served by multidisciplinary teams (generic CMHTs), which accepted all local referrals from family doctors. Sector CMHTs evolved a pragmatic approach with an emphasis on skill-sharing and outreach, depending heavily on community psychiatric nurses. The NHS is funded by central taxation, with no distortion of clinical practice by per-item service fees. It is highly centrally regulated, with a strong emphasis on evidence-based treatments.</p> <p>Since 2000, generic sector teams have gradually been replaced or enhanced by Crisis Resolution Home Treatment teams, Assertive Outreach Teams and Early Intervention Teams. Assertive Outreach Teams were resorbed into CMHTs, based on outcome evidence. The last decade has seen a major expansion in outpatient psychotherapy (Improving Access to Psychological Treatments (IAPT) services) and in specialist teams for personality disorders and perinatal psychiatry. The traditional continuity of care across the inpatient-outpatient divide has recently been broken. During the last decade of austerity, day care services have been decimated, and (along with the reduction in availability of beds) compulsory admission rates have risen sharply. Mental health care is still disadvantaged, receiving 11% of the NHS spend while accounting for 23% of the burden of disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Амбулаторная психиатрическая служба в Великобритании регламентируется двумя законами о психиатрической помощи. В 1930 году законодательно были закреплены добровольная госпитализация и амбулаторные клиники. Закон 1959 года требовал, чтобы больницы после выписки предоставляли пациентам амбулаторное наблюдение по месту жительства, обязал больницы работать совместно с местными социальными службами, а социальные службы – обеспечивать пациентов жильем и оказывать им поддержку. Результатом этого стало формирование секторального принципа работы психиатрической службы с прикрепленным населением 50 000 человек на каждый сектор. Психиатрическая служба в каждом секторе представляла собой мультидисциплинарную команду специалистов (в последующем они стали называться «амбулаторные психиатрические бригады» – Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs)), которая принимала всех пациентов, направленных семейными врачами. Секторальные бригады развили прагматичный подход к оказанию помощи пациентам с акцентом на выработку навыков и на широкий охват помощью, которая предоставлялась преимущественно участковыми медсестрами. Здравоохранение Великобритании финансируется за счет централизованного налогообложения, клиническая практика не искажается налоговыми ставками за отдельные виды медицинских услуг. Медицинская помощь регулируется централизованно, в ее основе лежат принципы доказательной медицины.</p> <p>Начиная с 2000 года секторальные психиатрические бригады постепенно были заменены или усилены несколькими видами специализированных бригад: кризисными бригадами оказания помощи на дому (Crisis Resolution Home Treatment teams), бригадами настойчивого лечения (Assertive Outreach Teams) и бригадами раннего вмешательства (Early Intervention Teams). Бригады настойчивого лечения после анализа данных об их эффективности стали частью амбулаторных психиатрических бригад. В последнее десятилетие наблюдается значительное расширение амбулаторной психотерапии благодаря работе службы улучшения доступа к психологической помощи (Improving Access to Psychological Treatments, IAPT), а также созданию команд, специализирующихся на оказании помощи людям с расстройствами личности и на перинатальной психиатрии. Традиционная непрерывность стационарной и амбулаторной медицинской помощи недавно была нарушена. В течение последнего десятилетия жесткой экономии дневные стационары были упразднены и, наряду с сокращением числа стационарных коек, резко возрос уровень недобровольной госпитализации. Психиатрическая помощь по-прежнему находится в неблагоприятном положении, получая финансирование в размере 11% от общего фонда здравоохранения, в то время как на психические заболевания приходятся 23% бремени болезней.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Community Mental Health Teams</kwd><kwd>sectorization</kwd><kwd>functional teams</kwd><kwd>general practice</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амбулаторные психиатрические бригады</kwd><kwd>секторальный принцип</kwd><kwd>медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>функциональные бригады</kwd><kwd>общая врачебная практика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Strathdee G. The GP, the community and shared psychiatric care. Practitioner. 1994;238(1544):751-754.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Jones D. The Borders Mental Health Service. 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