Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector4910.17650/2712-7672-2020-1-1-21-27SPECIAL ARTICLEСПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯUnknownPromotion of Mental Health Rehabilitation in China: Community- Based Mental-Health ServicesАмбулаторная психиатрическая служба Китая как средство реабилитации психических расстройствZhuYouweiЧжуЮвэй
China

Youwei Zhu,

psychiatrist, Ph.D.,

600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai

Ювэй Чжу

Шанхай

zhuyouwei2018@smhc.org.cnLiXuЛиСюй
China

Xu Li,

psychotherapist, Ph.D.,

600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai

Сюй Ли

Шанхай

editor@consortium-psy.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-043XZhaoMinЧжаоМин
China

Min Zhao,

psychiatrist, MD. & Ph.D.,

600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai

Минь Чжао

Шанхай

drminzhao@gmail.comShanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineШанхайский центр психического здоровья, Медицинский факультет, Шанхайский университет ЦзяотунShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic DisordersЦентральная лаборатория Шанхая по исследованию психотических расстройств0412202012212703122020Copyright ©; 2020, Zhu Y., Li X., Zhao M.Copyright ©; 2020, Чжу Ю., Ли С., Чжао М.2020Zhu Y., Li X., Zhao M.Чжу Ю., Ли С., Чжао М.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/49

Community-based mental health services are important for the treatment and recovery of patients with mental health disorders. The Chinese government has made the establishment of a highly efficient community-based health service an enduring priority. Since the 1960s, community-based mental health services have been developed in many Chinese cities and provinces. National policies, including mental health regulations and five-year national mental health working plans, have been issued to support the development of quality of mental health services. The accessibility and efficiency of community-based mental health services are now highly promoted to community residents.

According to the National Standards for Primary Public Health Services, community-based mental health services are one of the most important components of primary public health services. They are mainly provided via Community Health Service Centres (CHCs), by a combination of general practitioners, public health physicians, nurses and social workers. Patients receive individualized and continuous health services according to their rehabilitation status. These services include regular physical examination, health education, rehabilitation guidance, social function rehabilitation training, vocational training and referral services; family members also receive care and psychological support. Future work will focus on expanding mental health service coverage and usage, increasing awareness of mental health and decreasing stigma, and strengthening service capability to establish an integrated model to enhance the overall efficiency of mental health services.

Амбулаторная психиатрическая служба играет важную роль в процессе лечения и восстановления пациентов с психическими расстройствами. Создание высокоэффективной системы амбулаторной психиатрической помощи всегда являлось одним из главных приоритетов правительства Китая. Начиная с 1960-х годов во многих городах и провинциях были созданы локальные амбулаторные психиатрические службы. Государственная политика в области здравоохранения и 5-летние национальные рабочие планы в области психического здоровья способствовали повышению качества услуг. В настоящее время ведется активная информационная работа с населением о доступности и эффективности амбулаторной психиатрической службы.

Согласно «Национальным стандартам первичной медико-санитарной помощи» одним из важных компонентов первичной медико-санитарной помощи является психиатрическая помощь. Она предоставляется преимущественно на базе амбулаторных центров здоровья командой специалистов, которая состоит из врачей общей практики, санитарных врачей, медсестер и социальных работников. Помощь предоставляется

индивидуализированно и непрерывно, а ее наполнение зависит от реабилитационного статуса пациентов. Медицинские услуги включают в себя регулярный физикальный осмотр, просвещение в области здоровья, рекомендации по реабилитации, тренинг социального функционирования, тренинг по трудоустройству и предоставление справочной информации. Членам семьи пациента также предоставляются медицинская помощь и психологическая поддержка.

В дальнейшем необходимо повышать охват населения психиатрической помощью и способствовать обращаемости за помощью, повышать уровень осведомленности населения о психическом здоровье и снижать стигму. Кроме того, необходимо расширять возможности психиатрической службы и создавать интегрированную модель психиатрической помощи, что должно способствовать повышению ее общей эффективности.

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