Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector613210.17816/CP6132RESEARCHИССЛЕДОВАНИЕResearch ArticleRisk factors of disordered eating in adolescent girls from a community sample: a multidimensional approachФакторы риска нарушений пищевого поведения у девочек-подростков неклинической популяции: многомерный подходhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-50066603397102L-1813-2019MeshkovaTatiana A.МешковаТатьяна Александровна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Psychol.), Head of the Department of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Faculty of Clinical and Special Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology & Education

кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, зав. кафедрой дифференциальной психологии и психофизиологии

meshkovata@mgppu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2237-4404MitinaOlga V.МитинаОльга Валентиновна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Psychol.), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Communication Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University

omitina@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-041XAleksandrovaRoza V.АлександроваРоза Валерьевна
Russian Federation

psychologist, Research Educational Center of Applied Psychology and Psychological Services of S. Yesenin Ryazan State University

rozinca@mail.ruMoscow State University of Psychology & EducationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет»Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваResearch Educational Center of Applied Psychology and Psychological Services of S. Yesenin Ryazan State UniversityНаучно-образовательный центр практической психологии и психологической службы Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина04072023100720234221392703202326062023Copyright ©; 2023, Meshkova T.A., Mitina O.V., Aleksandrova R.V.Copyright ©; 2023, Мешкова Т.А., Митина О.В., Александрова Р.В.2023Meshkova T.A., Mitina O.V., Aleksandrova R.V.Мешкова Т.А., Митина О.В., Александрова Р.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/6132

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (ED) are severe, chronic, and complex in nature mental illnesses that are difficult to treat. One of the ways to stave off EDs is by screening among adolescents to preempt the development of clinical forms of ED in risk groups.

AIM: 1) to investigate the prevalence of ED risk among adolescent girls and compare subgroups at high and low risk of ED; 2) to investigate using a multidimensional approach those variables that can interact with temperament and character traits to predict ED symptomatology.

METHODS: The cross-sectional observational self-report study of a community sample of adolescent girls 12–17 years old (n=298; M=14.77±1.13) was carried out in the city of Ryazan, Russia. The Russian versions of Eating Attitudes Test and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were used. In addition, an original questionnaire (Risk Factors of Eating Disorders) was developed. Regression models (to test for significant moderation) and path analysis (to test for significant mediations) were used.

RESULTS: Girls at risk of developing EDs are characterized by a heightened level of concern about weight and dissatisfaction with their body, tend to suffer from low self-directedness, higher novelty seeking and tendency to higher harm avoidance, display high alexithymia, experience self-distrust, negative emotionality and are dissatisfied with family relationships. They also suffer from low self-esteem and tend to be perfectionism and engage in risk behavior. Significant moderating effects were uncovered between the following ED risk factors: (1) self-distrust/risk behavior and BMI; (2) alexithymia/negative emotionality/self-esteem and cooperativeness; and (3) negative emotionality/risk behavior and self-transcendence. Family relationship dissatisfaction mediates the association between self-directedness/cooperativeness/self-transcendence and disordered eating.

CONCLUSION: There are various mutual influences between the numerous ED risk and prevention factors, which all together determine the paths between the predictors and final outcome.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Расстройства пищевого поведения (РПП) являются тяжелыми, хроническими и сложными по своей природе психическими заболеваниями, трудно поддающимися лечению. Одним из направлений профилактики РПП является скрининг подростков с целью предупреждения развития клинических форм РПП в группах риска.

ЦЕЛЬ: 1) изучить распространенность риска РПП среди девочек-подростков и сравнить подгруппы высокого и низкого риска; 2) исследовать с помощью многомерного подхода те переменные, которые могут взаимодействовать с чертами темперамента и характера для прогнозирования симптоматики РПП.

МЕТОДЫ: Проведено поперечное наблюдательное исследование на основе самоотчетов неклинической выборки девочек-подростков 12–17 лет (n=298; M=14,77±1,13) г. Рязани. Использовались русскоязычные версии теста ЕАТ-26 и опросник темперамента и характера Клонингера (TCI-R). Был также разработан и применен опросник «Факторы риска РПП». Для проверки значимых модераций использовались регрессионные модели, для проверки значимых медиаций — анализ путей.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Девочки с риском РПП характеризуются высокой озабоченностью весом и неудовлетворенностью телом, низкой самонаправленностью, повышенным стремлением к новизне и склонностью к избеганию вреда, высокой алекситимией, неверием в свои силы, негативной эмоциональностью и неудовлетворенностью семейными отношениями, низкой самооценкой и тенденцией к повышенному перфекционизму и рискованному поведению. Значимые модерации были получены между следующими факторами риска РПП: (1) недоверие к себе/рискованное поведение и ИМТ; (2) алекситимия/отрицательная эмоциональность/самооценка и готовность к сотрудничеству; (3) негативная эмоциональность/рискованное поведение и трансцендентность «Я». Неудовлетворенность семейными отношениями опосредует связь между самонаправленностью/готовностью к сотрудничеству/трансцендентностью «Я» и риском РПП.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Существуют разнообразные взаимовлияния между многочисленными факторами риска и протекторами РПП, которые определяют пути между предикторами и конечным результатом.

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