Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector613910.17816/CP6139RESEARCHИССЛЕДОВАНИЕResearch ArticleThe paradoxical moderating effects of metacognition in the relationships between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in anorexia and bulimiaПарадоксальное опосредующее влияние процессов метапознания на взаимосвязь между самооценкой, симптомами депрессии и качеством жизни у пациентов с анорексией и булимиейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-3156SpringfieldCassi R.СпрингфилдКэйсси
United States

MA, Graduate student, School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi

Cassi.Springfield@usm.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-5961BonfilsKelsey A.БонфилсКелси
United States

Ph.D, Associate Professor, School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi

kelsey.bonfils@usm.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-023183220238152ChernovNikita V.ЧерновНикита Владимирович
Russian Federation

Head of the Department of Psychotherapy and Social Rehabilitation, Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev

n.chernov.psy@bk.ruMoiseevaTatyana V.МоисееваТатьяна Валентиновна
Russian Federation

PhD in psychology, Medical Psychologist, Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev

Tmoiseeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-8725SozinovaMarta V.СозиноваМарта Владимировна
Russian Federation

Medical Psychologist, Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev

Sozinova2014@yandex.ruDmitryevaNadezhda G.ДмитриеваНадежда Геластановна
Russian Federation

Medical Psychologist, Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev

alennoss@gmail.comLysakerPaul H.ЛайсакерПол
United States

PhD, Clinical Psychologist, Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Cent; Professor, Clinical Psychology Indiana University School of Medicine

plysaker@iupui.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0596566549845009600-0688KarpenkoOlga A.КарпенкоОльга Анатольевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, The head of scientific collaborations department, Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev

drkarpenko@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305572000818843424-4544KostyukGeorge P.КостюкГеоргий Петрович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Director of Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev, Editor-in-Chief, Consortium Psychiatricum

editor@consortium-psy.comUniversity of Southern MississippiУниверситет Южного МиссисипиMental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. AlexeevГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»Richard L Roudebush VA Medical CentМедицинский центр им. Ричарда Л. Рудебуша по делам ветерановIndiana University School of MedicineУниверситет Индианы0407202310072023426200604202303072023Copyright ©; 2023, Springfield C.R., Bonfils K.A., Chernov N.V., Moiseeva T.V., Sozinova M.V., Dmitryeva N.G., Lysaker P.H., Karpenko O.A., Kostyuk G.P.Copyright ©; 2023, Спрингфилд К., Бонфилс К., Чернов Н.В., Моисеева Т.В., Созинова М.В., Дмитриева Н.Г., Лайсакер П., Карпенко О. ., Костюк Г.П.2023Springfield C.R., Bonfils K.A., Chernov N.V., Moiseeva T.V., Sozinova M.V., Dmitryeva N.G., Lysaker P.H., Karpenko O.A., Kostyuk G.P.Спрингфилд К., Бонфилс К., Чернов Н.В., Моисеева Т.В., Созинова М.В., Дмитриева Н.Г., Лайсакер П., Карпенко О. ., Костюк Г.П.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/6139

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem and depressive symptoms contribute to a lower quality of life in people suffering from eating disorders. However, limited research has examined whether other factors may affect how these variables influence one another over time. Metacognition is a previously unexplored determinant that may impact the relationships between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in instances of eating disorders.

AIM: This study sought to examine metacognitive self-reflectivity and mastery as moderators of the relationships between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life and to determine if these relationships are different in people with anorexia compared with people with bulimia.

METHODS: Participants with anorexia (n=40) and bulimia (n=40) were recruited from outpatient clinics. The participants were assessed on their metacognitive ability and self-reported on measures to assess their depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and quality of life.

RESULTS: The results indicate that metacognitive self-reflectivity moderates the relationship between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in people with anorexia such that when self-reflectivity is high, lower self-esteem and higher depressive symptoms are associated with a lower quality of life. These relationships did not appear to be significant when self-reflectivity was low. In contrast, in the anorexia and bulimia groups, metacognitive mastery appeared to moderate the relationships between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life such that when mastery was low, lower self-esteem and higher depressive symptoms were associated with a lower quality of life. These relationships did not appear significant when mastery was high.

CONCLUSION: Metacognitive self-reflectivity and mastery seem to play paradoxical moderating roles in the relationships between self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in people with anorexia and bulimia. These findings pave the way toward further research and have important clinical implications.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Уровень самооценки и наличие симптомов депрессии способствуют снижению качества жизни при расстройствах пищевого поведения. Тем не менее, лишь ограниченное число работ посвящено вопросу влияния различных факторов на динамику данной взаимосвязи. Определяющую роль во взаимосвязях самооценки, симптомов депрессии и качества жизни при расстройствах пищевого поведения могут играть ранее не исследованные процессы метапознания.

ЦЕЛЬ: Изучить процессы метапознания — способность к саморефлексии и мастерство — как факторы, которые могут опосредовать связь самооценки, симптомов депрессии и качества жизни, и выявить возможные различия этих процессов между группами пациентов с анорексией и с булимией.

МЕТОДЫ: В исследование были включены пациенты с анорексией (n=40) и булимией (n=40), получавшие лечение в амбулаторных условиях. Исследователи проводили оценку их способностей к метапознанию; также участники самостоятельно заполняли опросники, касающиеся депрессивных симптомов, самооценки и качества жизни.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Результаты демонстрируют, что саморефлексия опосредует взаимосвязь между самооценкой, симптомами депрессии и качеством жизни у пациентов с анорексией: при высоком уровне способности к саморефлексии низкая самооценка и выраженные симптомы депрессии ассоциированы с ухудшением качества жизни. При низкой способности к саморефлексии данная связь не была статистически значимой. При этом мастерство в группах с анорексией и с булимией оказывает влияние на взаимосвязь самооценки, симптомов депрессии и качества жизни: низкая самооценка и выраженные симптомы депрессии были ассоциированы с ухудшением качества жизни при низком уровне мастерства. Данная связь не была статистически значимой при высоком уровне мастерства.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Процессы метапознания, такие как способность к саморефлексии и мастерство, оказывают парадоксальное влияние на взаимосвязи между самооценкой, симптомами депрессии и качеством жизни у пациентов с анорексией и булимией. Эти результаты открывают перспективы для дальнейших исследований и имеют важное клиническое значение.

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