<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Consortium PSYCHIATRICUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-7672</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-2919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">67</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CP67</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cultural Issues Related to ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Культуральные аспекты психических и поведенческих расстройств и нарушений нейропсихического развития в МКБ-11</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharan</surname><given-names>Pratap</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаран</surname><given-names>Пратап</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>pratapsharan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hans</surname><given-names>Gagan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханс</surname><given-names>Гаган</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>gaganhans23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всеиндийский институт медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Sharan P., Hans G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Шаран П., Ханс Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharan P., Hans G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаран П., Ханс Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/67">https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/67</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The challenge of producing a classificatory system that is truly representative of different regions and cultural variations is difficult. This can be conceptualized as an ongoing process, achievable by constant commitment in this regard from various stakeholders over successive generations of the classificatory systems. The objective of this article is to conduct a qualitative review of the process and outcome of the efforts that resulted in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders becoming a global classification. The ICD-11 represents an important, albeit iterative, advance in the classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant changes have been incorporated in this regard, such as the introduction of new, culturally-relevant categories, modifications of the diagnostic guidelines, based on culturally informed data and the incorporation of culture-related features for specific disorders. Notwithstanding, there are still certain significant shortcomings and areas for further improvement and research. Some of the key limitations of ICD-11 relate to the paucity of research on the role of culture in the pathogenesis of illnesses. To ensure a classificatory system that is fair, reliable and culturally useful, there is a need to generate empirical evidence on diversity in the form of illnesses, as well as mechanisms that explain these in all the regions of the world. In this review, we try to delineate the various cultural challenges and their influences in the formulation of ICD-11, along with potential shortcomings and areas in need of more improvement and research in this regard.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Задача создания классификационной системы, которая действительно бы учитывала региональные и культуральные различия, является достаточно сложной. Это долгий процесс, ориентированный на последующие изменения классификации, с участием всех заинтересованных сторон. Цель данной статьи - представить содержательный обзор этапов разработки и результатов усилий, которые привели к тому, что классификация психических, поведенческих расстройств и нейропсихического развития в МКБ-11 становится поистине глобальной, т.е. применимой во всем мире. МКБ-11 делает важный очередной шаг вперед в развитии классификации. Это связано с такими значимыми изменениями, как внесение новых культурально значимых категорий, обновление диагностических указаний в соответствии с данными, полученными в разных странах, и учет культуральной специфики определенных расстройств.</p> <p>Несмотря на это, все еще имеются некоторые существенные недостатки и вместе с тем возможности для развития и проведения исследований. Некоторые из ключевых ограничений МКБ-11 связаны с недостаточным изучением роли культуры в патогенезе заболеваний. Для обеспечения ясной, надежной и полезной с учетом культурного контекста классификационной системы необходимо собрать воедино эмпирические доказательные данные о разнообразии проявлений болезней, а также их патогенеза, в разных регионах мира. В этом обзоре делается попытка обозначить изменения МКБ-11, связанные с различными культуральными аспектами, а также потенциальные недостатки и пути дальнейшего совершенствования с опорой на исследовании в этом направлении.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ICD-11</kwd><kwd>WHO</kwd><kwd>culture</kwd><kwd>mental disorders</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>МКБ-11</kwd><kwd>ВОЗ</kwd><kwd>культура</kwd><kwd>психические расстройства</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gureje O, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hall BJ, Reed GM. Systematic inclusion of culture-related information in ICD-11. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(3):357-358. doi:10.1002/wps.20676</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis-Fernandez R, Hinton DE, Laria AJ, et al. Culture and the anxiety disorders: recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27(2):212-229. doi:10.1002/da.20647</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. Multicultural Understanding of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: Implications for Mental Health Assessment. Guilford Press; 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Alarcon RD, Bell CC, Kirmayer J, Lin KM, Ustun B, Wisner KL. Beyond the funhouse mirror: research agenda on culture and psychiatric diagnosis. In: Kupfer DJ, First MB, Regier DA, eds. A Research Agenda for DSM-V. American Psychiatric Association;2002:219-281.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Alarcon RD, Becker AE, Lewis-Fernandez R, et al. Issues for DSM-V: the role of culture in psychiatric diagnosis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009;197(8):559-660. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181b0cbff</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis-Fernandez R, Aggarwal NK. Culture and psychiatric diagnosis. Adv Psychosom Med. 2013;33:15-30. doi:10.1159/000348725</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Mezzich JE, Berganza CE, Ruiperez MA. Culture in Dsm-Iv, Icd-10, and Evolving Diagnostic Systems. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2001;24(3):407-419. doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70237-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Sharan P, Keeley J. Cultural perspectives related to international classification of Diseases-11. Indian J Soc Psychiatry. 2018;34(5):1. doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_45_18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Reed GM, Sharan P, Saxena S. Reducing disease burden through the revision of ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorders. Natl Med J India. 2009;22(6):285-288.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Otero-Ojeda AA. Third Cuban Glossary of Psychiatry (GC-3): key features and contributions. Psychopathology. 2002;35(2-3):181-184. doi:10.1159/000065142</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Clark LA, Cuthbert B, Lewis-Fernandez R, Narrow WE, Reed GM. Three Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2017;18(2):72-145. doi:10.1177/1529100617727266</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Reed GM, Mendonca Correia J, Esparza P, Saxena S, Maj M. The WPA-WHO Global Survey of Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Towards Mental Disorders Classification. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):118-131. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00034.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Evans SC, Reed GM, Roberts MC, et al. Psychologists’ perspectives on the diagnostic classification of mental disorders: results from the WHO-IUPsyS Global Survey. Int J Psychol. 2013;48(3):177-193. doi:10.1080/00207594.2013.804189</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Reed GM, Rebello TJ, Pike KM, et al. WHO’s Global Clinical Practice Network for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(5):379-380. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00183-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Keeley JW, Reed GM, Roberts MC, et al. Developing a science of clinical utility in diagnostic classification systems field study strategies for ICD-11 mental and behavioral disorders. Am Psychol. 2016;71(1):3-16. doi:10.1037/a0039972</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>First MB, Reed GM, Hyman SE, Saxena S. The development of the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines for Mental and Behavioural Disorders. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(1):82-90. doi:10.1002/wps.20189</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICDM, Behavioural D. A conceptual framework for the revision of the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):86-92. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00022.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Henrich J, Heine SJ, Norenzayan A. The weirdest people in the world?. Behav Brain Sci. 2010;33(2-3):61-135. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999152X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gureje O, Stein DJ. Classification of mental disorders: the importance of inclusive decision-making. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24(6):606-612. doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.726214</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gureje O, Lewis-Fernandez R, Hall BJ, Reed GM. Cultural considerations in the classification of mental disorders: why and how in ICD-11. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):25. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-1493-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Raha B, Sarma S, Thilakan P, Punnoose ZM. Rumination Disorder: An Unexplained Case of Recurrent Vomiting. Indian J Psychol Med. 2017;39(3):361-363. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.207323</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta R, Kalla M, Gupta JB. Adult rumination syndrome: Differentiation from psychogenic intractable vomiting. Indian J Psychiatry. 2012;54(3):283-285. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.102434</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Khandelwal SK, Sharan P, Saxena S. Eating disorders: an Indian perspective. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1995;41(2):132-146. doi:10.1177/002076409504100206</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>International Advisory Group for the Revision of ICDM, Behavioural D. A conceptual framework for the revision of the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):86-92. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00022.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Adawi S, Bax B, Bryant-Waugh R, et al. Revision of ICD – status update on feeding and eating disorders. Adv Eat Disord Theory Res Pract. 2013;1(1):10-20. doi:10.1080/21662630.2013.742971</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta N, Malhotra N. Dissociative disorders: Reinvention or reconceptualization of the concept? Indian J Soc Psychiatry. 2018;34(5):44. doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_40_18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Lewis-Fernandez R, Aggarwal NK. Culture and psychiatric diagnosis. Adv Psychosom Med. 2013;33:15-30. doi:10.1159/000348725</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Lee S, Kleinman A. Are somatoform disorders changing with time? The case of neurasthenia in China. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):846-849. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815b0092</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Vaidyanathan S, Kuppili PP, Menon V. Eating Disorders: An Overview of Indian Research. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019;41(4):311-317. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_461_18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Mammen P, Russell S, Russell PS. Prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44(5):357-359.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Levy RL, Olden KW, Naliboff BD, et al. Psychosocial aspects of the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(5):1447-1458. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.057</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Li BU, Balint JP. Cyclic vomiting syndrome: evolution in our understanding of a brain-gut disorder. Adv Pediatr. 2000;47:117-160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Tack J, Talley NJ, Camilleri M, et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130(5):1466-1479. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.059</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Talley NJ. Functional nausea and vomiting. Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36(9):694-697.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Groen SP, Richters A, Laban CJ, Deville WL. Implementation of the Cultural Formulation through a newly developed Brief Cultural Interview: Pilot data from the Netherlands. Transcult Psychiatry. 2017;54(1):3-22. doi:10.1177/1363461516678342</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Groleau D, Young A, Kirmayer LJ. The McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI): an interview schedule to elicit meanings and modes of reasoning related to illness experience. Transcult Psychiatry. 2006;43(4):671-691. doi:10.1177/1363461506070796</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Edwards LM, Burkard AW, Adams HA, Newcomb SA. A mixed-method study of psychologists’ use of multicultural assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 2017;48(2):131-138. doi:10.1037/pro0000095</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Kleinman AM. Depression, somatization and the “new cross-cultural psychiatry”. Soc Sci Med. 1977;11(1):3-10. doi:10.1016/0037-7856(77)90138-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Prakash S, Sharan P, Sood M. A qualitative study on psychopathology of dhat syndrome in men: Implications for classification of disorders. Asian J Psychiatr. 2018;35:79-88. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Keshavan MS. Culture bound syndromes: disease entities or simply concepts of distress? Asian J Psychiatr. 2014;12:1-2. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.11.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Paralikar VP, Deshmukh A, Weiss MG. Qualitative Analysis of Cultural Formulation Interview: Findings and Implications for Revising the Outline for Cultural Formulation. Transcult Psychiatry. 2020;57(4):525-541. doi:10.1177/1363461518822407</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
