Consortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUMConsortium PSYCHIATRICUM2712-76722713-2919Eco-Vector9910.17816/CP99EDITORIALРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯEditorialLate ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’: A Family School for Learning How to Live with SchizophreniaЗапоздалое «Раннее вмешательство при психозе»: школа жизни с шизофренией для детей и их родителейKatschnigHeinzКачнигХайнц
Austria
heinz.katschnig@meduniwien.ac.atSintPeterСинтПитер
Austria
peter.sint@chello.atMedical University of ViennaМедицинский университет ВеныIMEHPS.researchИсследовательская компания «Улучшение состояния здоровья населения»VSW-Pension BettinaСоциальный пансионат «Pension Bettina»Austrian Family Self-Help Organisation HPEАвстрийская организация по вопросам семьи и самопомощи3009202105112021233160108202108082021Copyright ©; 2021, Katschnig H., Sint P.Copyright ©; 2021, Качниг Х., Синт П.2021Katschnig H., Sint P.Качниг Х., Синт П.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://consortium-psy.com/jour/article/view/99

The paper describes a family school for learning how to live with schizophrenia, which was founded in 1986 in Vienna, Austria, and is still running today. It was established in cooperation between professionals and the Austrian self-help association HPE of the relatives of persons with mental disorders. It addresses the needs of 10 families at a time, in cases where a son or a daughter was diagnosed with schizophrenia and had already experienced one or several episodes of the illness. The course lasts one and a half years and is organized according to the model of a weekly boarding school, where 10 children, the “residents”, stay in the school overnight from Sunday evening to Friday and take part in a structured program on cognitive, social and practical life skills. Ambulatory psychiatric treatment is taking place concurrently outside the school through local routine services. On weekends residents stay with their parents since the school is closed. Parents visit the school regularly to take part in joint activities with the residents. They also undertake night shifts in the school and attend a weekly parents’ group. In the regular encounters during everyday activities in the school, “learning by doing” occurs – parents get to know the daughters and sons of other families and can learn to distinguish between disease-related and personality-related behavior. Residents can have similar learning experiences in relation to the parents of other residents. The main aim of the school is that parents learn to provide “protected autonomy” for the daughters or sons in question, in order to assist them after the end of the course in leading a life characterized by as much autonomy as possible after the end of the school.

В статье описывается основанная в Вене в 1986 году и действующая по сей день семейная школа, обучающая жить с шизофренией. Данная школа является результатом совместной работы специалистов в области психического здоровья и австрийской ассоциации взаимопомощи HPE, учрежденной родственниками людей, страдающих психическими расстройствами. В школе могут проходить обучение до 10 семей одновременно, при условии, если у ребенка диагностировали шизофрению и уже случались один или нескольких приступов заболевания. Курс обучения длится полтора года, он составлен по модели школы-интерната с недельным проживанием, в которой 10 «воспитанников» проживают в школе с вечера воскресенья по пятницу и в течение этого времени проходят структурированную программу обучения когнитивным, социальным и прикладным жизненным навыкам. Одновременно с этим за пределами школы оказывается и амбулаторное психиатрическое лечение. На выходные школа закрывается, и дети возвращаются к своим родителям. Родители регулярно посещают школу и вместе с детьми принимают участие в совместных занятиях. Они также дежурят по ночам в школе и посещают еженедельные группы для родителей. При регулярных встречах во время повседневных занятий проводится «обучение на практике» — родители знакомятся с детьми из других семей и учатся различать, какие из особенностей поведения связаны с болезнью, а какие — с его личностью. Аналогичный опыт получают и пациенты, знакомясь и проводя время с другими родителями. Основная цель школы — научить родителей предоставлять детям с шизофренией «автономию с подстраховкой», чтобы после окончания курса они могли оказывать своим детям поддержку, и в то же время их ребенок мог вести максимально возможный самостоятельный образ жизни.

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