Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure Analysis of the Inventory of Statements about Self-injury (ISAS) in a Russian Non-clinical Sample



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The “Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury” (ISAS) is one of the most widely used and reliable psychometric tools for assessing non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and its motivations. The Russian adaptation of the ISAS, involving patients with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders, demonstrated high internal consistency and a twofactor structure similar to the original. However, the reliability and suitability of ISAS in a non-clinical population remain unclear.
AIM: To adapt the ISAS in Russian, evaluate its psychometric properties, and analyze its factor structure in a sample of Russian university students. 
METHODS: The psychometric properties and factor structure of the adapted ISAS version were evaluated through an anonymous online survey of Russian university students. Respondents had reported lifetime NSSI and scored above 4 on the ISAS-Functions subscale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) were performed on two randomly formed subgroups to evaluate the factor structure of ISAS. Additionally, the associations between the identified ISAS factors and the presence of suicidal thoughts and attempts over a lifetime and in the week before their participation in the study, as well as seeking psychiatric and/or psychotherapeutic care over a lifetime, were analyzed.
RESULTS: The survey included 3,919 participants, of whom 1,149 (29.3%; 88.0% female) reported NSSI, with a median age of 20 (18; 22) years. The Russian ISAS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.851). EFA results supported the original two-factor structure. CFA results suggested an alternative three-factor structure of the ISAS, including “Signal”, “Regulation”, and “Influence” factors. Suicidal attempts were associated with the factors “Regulation” and “Influence”, suicidal thoughts with “Regulation” and female gender, and the seeking of psychiatric and/or psychotherapeutic care with “Regulation” and age. 
CONCLUSION: The adapted ISAS in Russian is a reliable tool with high internal consistency. The study proposed a three-factor
structure, indicating a greater heterogeneity of the NSSI phenomenon compared to earlier understandings. The study demonstrated the association between two of the three identified factors with suicidal behavior and thoughts, and the seeking of psychiatric care.

About the authors

Andrey Kibitov

Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia;
Mental-health clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alexeev, Moscow, Russia

Email: andreykibitov18@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7766-9675
SPIN-code: 5502-2307
Scopus Author ID: 57216579973
ResearcherId: ACG-0527-2022

PhD student, Laboratory of Psychopharmacology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Sergei S. Potanin

Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia

Email: potanin_ss@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9180-1940
SPIN-code: 3817-9217
Scopus Author ID: 56010445300
ResearcherId: L-1455-2016

and. Sci (Med.), Senior Research Officer, Laboratory of Psychopharmacology

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga M. Yagina

Union for Mental Health, Moscow, Russia

Email: contest@mental-health-russia.ru
SPIN-code: 5555-5514

Deputy Director for Regional Development
Russian Federation, Moscow

Vladimir I. Borodin

Union for Mental Health, Moscow, Russia;
V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: bor111@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3573-2194
SPIN-code: 7665-7266
Scopus Author ID: 279066

PhD, vice-president; Professor of Academic Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

Margarita A. Morozova

Mental Health Research Center

Email: margmorozova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7847-2716
SPIN-code: 6162-5816
Scopus Author ID: 7006920838
ResearcherId: D-9098-2015

Dr. Sci (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Appendix 1. Inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) (Russian [A] and English [B] version)
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3. Table S1. Comparison of the original and adapted versions of the ISAS questionnaire
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Copyright (c) Kibitov A., Potanin S.S., Yagina O.M., Borodin V.I., Morozova M.A.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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